Ultra-Endurance Associated With Moderate Exercise in Rats Induces Cerebellar Oxidative Stress and Impairs Reactive GFAP Isoform Profile.

Ultra-endurance (UE) race has been associated with brain metabolic changes, but it is still unknown which regions are vulnerable. This study investigated whether high-volume training in rodents, even under moderate intensity, can induce cerebellar oxidative and inflammatory status. Forty-five adult rats were divided into six groups according to a training period, followed or not by an exhaustion test (ET) that simulated UE: control (C), control + ET (C-ET), moderate-volume (MV) training and MV-ET, high-volume training (HV) and HV-ET.

Efficacy of tubing technique with biomaterials compared to direct coaptation technique after peripheral neurotmesis in nerve healing and return to functionality in young adult rats: a systematic review protocol.

Background: Peripheral nerves are constant targets of traumatic injury which may result in neurotmesis and which invariably requires surgical treatment. In view of this, tissue engineering studies developed biomaterials which were first tested in animal models and used as a guide for nerve stumps in the procedure in order to speed up the healing process. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of biomaterials used in tubing technique on healing and histological and functional recovery after peripheral nerve neurotmesis in rats.

Preventive role of metformin on peripheral neuropathy induced by diabetes.

Metformin is the first line drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, however, little is known about its therapeutic potential to prevent or delay damage to the peripheral nerve. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether metformin is able to attenuate the neuroinflammatory response in sciatic nerve of insulin-dependent diabetic mice. Swiss Webster mice were divided into four groups: Control, Diabetic (STZ), Diabetic +100 mg/kg/day of metformin (STZ + M100) and Diabetic +200 mg/kg/day of metformin.

Quadriceps muscle architecture ultrasonography of individuals with type 2 diabetes: Reliability and applicability.

Muscle architecture parameters performed using ultrasound serve as an aid to monitor muscle changes derived from diseases, however there are no studies that determine the reliability and applicability of this evaluation in individuals with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Three raters captured three images of measurements of thickness of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius and anterior quadriceps, RF muscle cross-sectional area, RF pennation angle in 17 individuals with DM2 above 50 and sedentary. Intra and inter-raters analysis showed reliability from high to very high for the three raters (ICC> 0.

Endurance training on rodent brain antioxidant capacity: A meta-analysis.

The influence of physical exercise on brain antioxidant defense mechanisms has been studied. Nevertheless, the effect of training volume on the brain`s redox balance remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we compared the effect of training volume on antioxidant enzymatic resource and lipid peroxidation on various brain regions.

Previous physical exercise slows down the complications from experimental diabetes in the calcaneal tendon.

Background: the complications caused by diabetes increase fragility in the muscle-tendon system, resulting in degeneration and easier rupture. To avoid this issue, therapies that increase the metabolism of glucose by the body, with physical activity, have been used after the confirmation of diabetes. We evaluate the biomechanical behavior of the calcaneal tendon and the metabolic parameters in rats induced to experimental diabetes and submitted to pre- and post-induction exercise.

Normalization patterns of the surface electromyographic signal in the phonation evaluation.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the different parameters, regarding the peak and mean, at different phonatory tasks for standardization of electromyography signal of electrical activity (EA) of the laryngeal extrinsic muscles on voice evaluation.

Methods: The electrical potentials of the suprahyoid (SH) and infrahyoid (IH) muscles of 35 voluntary nondysphonic subjects were evaluated using three evaluations of rest, two maneuvers to determine maximum voluntary sustained activity (MVSA), and usual and strong intensity of vowel /ɛ/ and 20-30 count emissions. The EA signal was converted using root mean square in microvolts and normalized by mean and peak of each task.

Is swimming able to maintain bone health and to minimize postmenopausal bone resorption?

Objective: We studied the effect of swimming on the somatic and bone growth of female rats.

Methods: 40 neonate Wistar female rats were separated into: monosodium glutamate group (GluM, n = 20) and received MSG solution (4.0 mg/g) on alternate days during the first 14 days after birth, and Saline group (SAL, n = 20) which received saline solution for the same period of time and at the same dose.

Use of surface electromyography in phonation studies: an integrative review.

Introduction: Surface electromyography has been used to assess the extrinsic laryngeal muscles during chewing and swallowing, but there have been few studies assessing these muscles during phonation.

Objective:  To investigate the current state of knowledge regarding the use of surface electromyography for evaluation of the electrical activity of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx during phonation by means of an integrative review.

Method:  We searched for articles and other papers in the PubMed, Medline/Bireme, and Scielo databases that were published between 1980 and 2012, by using the following descriptors: surface electromyography and voice, surface electromyography and phonation, and surface electromyography and dysphonia.

Aerobic physical training restores biomechanical properties of Achilles tendon in rats chemically induced to diabetes mellitus.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to evaluate if the application of a moderate aerobic exercise protocol reverses the damage caused by diabetes on the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon.

Methods: Forty-four rats were divided randomly into four groups as follows: Sedentary Control Group-SCG, Sedentary Diabetic Group-SDG, Trained Control Group-TCG and Trained Diabetic Group-TDG, the trained groups were submitted to a protocol of moderate physical training on a continuous treadmill. For mechanical testing the tendons were fixed in a conventional mechanical testing machine and pulled to the point of failure of the specimen, the cell load of 500N.

Impact of early malnourishment on the chronic inflammatory response and its implications for the effect of indomethacin on Wistar rats.

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether early undernutrition changes the chronic inflammatory response, so as to study its influence on pharmacological response to indomethacin. Rat offspring of dams fed from the first day of gestation to term or throughout the lactation period received a balanced diet (NN) or a basic regional diet (BRD) from northeast Brazil. According to their dams, the offspring were divided into three groups: NN; basic regional diet during gestation (BRD-g, undernourished during gestation); basic regional diet during gestation and lactation (BRD-gl, undernourished during gestation and lactation).

Sensory nerve conduction in the caudal nerves of rats with diabetes.

Purpose: To investigate sensory nerve conduction of the caudal nerve in normal and diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in twenty 8-weeks old Wistar male rats. Twenty normal rats served as controls.

Mechanical properties of achilles tendon in rats induced to experimental diabetes.

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of chemically induced diabetes mellitus (DM) on the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon of rats and correlate it with metabolic and biomechanical findings. Adult rats were selected randomly and assigned to two groups, the diabetic group consisted of animals receiving a dose of streptozotocin to induce type I diabetes and the control group. The animals were placed in metabolic cages for analysis of metabolism.

Eletrophysiological study of the caudal nerve on developing rats.

Purpose: To non-invasively study the sensory nerve conduction of the caudal nerve of normal developing rats.

Methods: Twenty normal Wistar male rats served as subjects. Caudal nerve conduction studies were performed at 60 days from birth and weekly at end of six consecutive weeks.

Do malnutrition and fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology?

Growth and development events are observed in all organisms and can be modified by exogenous factors such as nutritional changes. Drastic morphological and functional alterations may occur during a vulnerable stage of development. The aim of this study was to investigate if malnutrition and/or fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology during the postnatal period.

[The effect of endurance training on the neovascularization of skeletal musculature].

Purpose: To quantify the capillaries in the skeletal muscular tissue of mice with induced peripheral arterial insufficiency, after endurance training.

Method: It was used Wistar mice in 70 days age range, subjected to the total occlusion of right femoral artery. The animals were divided into two groups: sedentary group (SG; n = 05), subjected to activities in the cage; and trained group (TG; n = 05), subjected to an endurance training in cycle ergometer twice a day 17m/min, by 5 minutes, 5 days per week during 10 weeks.

[Morphometry of human myocardium in senile individuals].

Objective: To carry out a quantitative assessment in human myocardium cells of senile individuals, in right, left and septal ventricular regions.

Methods: Five hearts from corpses of individuals without heart diseases, of both sexes, with age between 67 and 87 years old were used. The following parameters were assessed: myocyte unit cross section area (myoc.

[Effect of physical training on the bone tissue and the calcium serum concentration in ovariectomized mice].

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate possible morphometric alterations in bone tissue and the calcium serum concentration in ovariectomized mice subjected to physical training.

Methods: Fifty female mice, aged 90 days, divided into 5 groups (n=10): control (C), pseudo-operated sedentary (POS), pseudo-operated trained (POT), ovariectomized sedentary (OVS) and ovariectomized trained (OVT). Groups OVS and OVT were subjected to an ovariectomy, and groups POS and POT were subjected to a pseudo-surgery.