Osteoporosis, bone mineral density and CKD-MBD (II): Therapeutic implications.

Osteoporosis (OP) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both independently affect bone health. A significant number of patients with CKD have decreased bone mineral density (BMD), are at high risk of fragility fractures and have an increased morbidity and mortality risk. With an ageing population, these observations are not only dependent on "renal osteodystrophy" but also on the associated OP.

Use of non-specific intravenous human immunoglobulins in Spanish hospitals; need for a hospital protocol.

Unlabelled: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use in non-approved indications, the increase in consumption and its high cost recommend rationalisation in its utilisation.

Aims: To assess the use of IVIG in Spanish hospitals.

Methods: An observational, prospective and multicentre drug utilisation study was conducted in 13 tertiary Spanish hospitals.