Persistence of HPV in cervical smears of vaccinated WLWH support for combined molecular testing and cytology screening.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection profoundly affects women living with HIV (WLWH). This infection leads to cervical cancer (CC) and increased mortality.

Methods: This study monitored HPV infection in WLWH in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, before (T1) and after (T2) 4 years of vaccination.

Differential Longevity of Memory CD4 and CD8 T Cells in a Cohort of the Mothers With a History of ZIKV Infection and Their Children.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes for mild and self-limiting disease in healthy adults. In newborns, it can occasionally lead to a spectrum of malformations, the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Thus, little is known if mothers and babies with a history of ZIKV infection were able to develop long-lasting T-cell immunity.

Evaluation of the Expression of CCR5 and CX3CR1 Receptors and Correlation with the Functionality of T Cells in Women infected with ZIKV during Pregnancy.

There have been reports of neurological abnormalities associated with the Zika virus (ZIKV), such as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in children born to mothers infected during pregnancy. We investigated how the immune response to ZIKV during pregnancy is primed and conduct a thorough evaluation of the inflammatory and cytotoxic profiles as well as the expression of CCR5 and CX3CR1. We compared the reactivity of T cells to ZIKV peptides in convalescent mothers infected during pregnancy.

Human papillomavirus prevalence, genomic diversity and related risk factors in HIV-positive women from a countryside city in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause genital warts and HPV-related cancer.People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are more symptomatic for HPV infections.Campos dos Goytacazes,a municipality of Rio de Janeiro,introduced the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV)for HIV-positive women four years before initiation of a public vaccination program.

Knowledge of human papillomavirus and Pap test among Brazilian university students.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus in the world and is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. The most effective approach to cervical cancer control continues to be screening through the preventive Papanicolaou test (Pap test). This study analyzes the knowledge of university students of health science programs as well as undergraduate courses in other areas of knowledge on important questions regarding HPV.

Simultaneous circulation of arboviruses and other congenital infections in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Arboviruses (Zika, dengue and chikungunya) represent a major risk for pregnant women, especially because their vertical transmission can lead to neurological damage in newborns. Early diagnosis can be difficult due to similar clinical presentation with other congenital infections that are associated with congenital abnormalities.

Objectives: To investigate the circulation of arboviruses and other pathogens responsible for congenital infections, reporting clinical aspects and geographic distribution of maternal rash in a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

The Role of Oncogenic DNA Viruses in Penile Cancer Development.

Penile cancer is a relatively rare neoplasia in developed countries, with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Penile cancer can be subdivided into human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative cases. Worldwide, the HPV prevalence in penile cancer samples is around 50%, and HPV16 is the most prevalent genotype.

Methylation of p16 ink4a promoter is independent of human papillomavirus DNA physical state: a comparison between cervical pre-neoplastic and neoplastic samples.

BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications in host cells, like p16 ink4a methylation, have been considered as putative complementary mechanisms for cancer development. Because only a small proportion of infected women develop cervical cancer, other factors might be involved in carcinogenesis, either independently or in association with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections, including epigenetic factors. OBJECTIVES We hypothesised that p16 ink4a methylation might have a role in cancer development driven by HPV16, mainly in the presence of intact E1/E2 genes.

Human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and methylation status of p16 in penile cancer.

Little is known about penile carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPV and EBV, and the methylation status of p16 in penile cancer samples, and to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for penile cancer development. HPV DNA was detected in 63.

Methylation at 3'LCR of HPV16 can be affected by patient age and disruption of E1 or E2 genes.

CpG methylation at early promoter of HPV16 DNA, in the 3' end of the Long Control Region (3'LCR), has been associated to the presence of episomal forms of viral genome and, consequently, intact E1 and E2 ORFs. The DNA methylation would block the access of E2 viral protein to the E2 binding sites at early-promoter. However, is still unclear if methylation at 3'LCR of HPV16 DNA can also vary depending of other tumor characteristics in addition to viral DNA physical state.

Proteomics analysis of tissue samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and positive to human papillomavirus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify possible protein biomarkers and/or candidates for therapeutic targets in tissues of patients with SCCP, infected by HPV, applying one dimensional electrophoresis (1DE), followed by direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis.

Materials And Methods: Tissues from 10 HPV positive patients with SCCP and from 10 patients with HPV negative non-tumorous penile foreskins were analyzed applying 1D electrophoresis, followed by analysis with direct mass spectrometry (MS).

Results: Sixty-three different proteins were identified in the first group and 50 in the second group.

Genetic and structural analysis of Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen from diverse biological samples.

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) large T antigen (LT-ag) is frequently found truncated in Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) and it is considered a major tumor-specific signature. Nonetheless, the biological role of LT-ag nontruncated mutations is largely unknown. In this study, MCPyV LT-ag second exon from 11 non-MCC oral samples and NCBI sequences derived from different anatomical sites were studied from the genetic and structural standpoint.

An upward trend in DNA p16ink4a methylation pattern and high risk HPV infection according to the severity of the cervical lesion.

High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is necessary but not sufficient for cervical cancer development. Recently, P16INK4A gene silencing through hypermethylation has been proposed as an important cofactor in cervical carcinogenesis due to its tumor suppressor function. We aimed to investigate P16INK4A methylation status in normal and neoplastic epithelia and evaluate an association with HPV infection and genotype.

Detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus in oral samples of renal transplant recipients without Merkel cell carcinoma.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive neuroendocrine cancer, with approximately 80% of cases associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The lack of information concerning its occurrence in non-MCC immunosuppressed populations led to the investigation of MCPyV DNA in saliva and oral biopsies from 60 kidney allograft recipients and 75 non-transplanted individuals (control group). In contrast to herpesviruses, which was also investigated (CMV, HHV-6A, and B, HHV-7) MCPyV was detected predominantly in patients with oral lesions (gingivitis and/or periodontitis) of both transplanted and non-transplanted groups (P=0.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in penile cancer cases from Brazil.

Penile cancer is a potentially mutilating disease. Although its occurrence is relatively rare worldwide, penile cancer rates can be high in developing countries. A few studies have been conducted on the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in penile carcinoma, which have found HPV present in 30-70% of penile malignant lesions, with a higher prevalence of HPV 16 and 18.

Detection of human herpesvirus 7 infection in young children presenting with exanthema subitum.

In this study, we assessed the prevalence of human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) in 141 serum samples from children less than four years of age with exanthematic disease. All samples were negative for measles, rubella, dengue fever and parvovirus B19 infection. Testing for the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)-specific high avidity IgG antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed two main groups: one composed of 57 patients with recent primary HHV-6 infection and another group of 68 patients showing signs of past HHV-6 infection.

Diagnosis of human herpesvirus 6B primary infection by polymerase chain reaction in young children with exanthematic disease.

Introduction: Exanthem subitum is a classical rash disease of early childhood caused by human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B). However, the rash is frequently misdiagnosed as that of either measles or rubella.

Methods: In this study, a nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to diagnose HHV-6B primary infection, differentiate it from infections caused by HHV-6A and compare it to antibody avidity tests.

Is there increase of STDs during Carnival? Time series of diagnoses in a STD clinic.

Objective: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common reasons for seeking medical assistance. Media campaigns on STD/AIDS assume that exposure to risky sexual practices is greater during Carnival. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal distribution of first appointments in a STD clinic from January 1993 to December 2005 to verify whether there is a seasonal increase in STD after Carnival.

Human papillomavirus genotypes in asymptomatic young women from public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Introduction: The aim of this work was to survey HPV information from a random population of young women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included cervical samples from 241 female students. To determine human papillomavirus status, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed.

Analysis of molecular biology techniques for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer prevention.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of molecular methodologies to access human papillomavirus genome in the genital tract. Samples from 136 women aged 17 to 52 years old obtained from the Dr. Sérgio Franco Laboratories between 2000 and 2001, were analyzed by the hybrid capture assay and amplified by PCR with generic primers MY09/MY11 and specific primers for types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 58.

Bowenoid papulosis in a patient with AIDS treated with imiquimod: case report.

A 53-year-old male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was treated with topical immunomodulator imiquimod for bowenoid papular. Clinically the lesions presented as condilomatous and papulous changes with color varying from skin color to grayish. The lesions were located in the glans and in the dorsum of the penis.

HPV 16 detection in cervical lesions, physical state of viral DNA and changes in p53 gene.

Context: Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to cervical carcinoma. Integration of viral DNA into host cell DNA is essential for this cancer development, promoting disruption of the HPV E2 gene, thus leading to unregulated increases in E6 and E7 proteins and inactivating the products of p53 and Rb tumor suppressor genes.

Objective: To investigate HPV 16 infection in cervical lesions, physical state of viral DNA and p53 gene alterations in a group of women attending a public health service.

Analysis of the p53 gene and papillomavirus detection in smears from cervical lesions.

Context: Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are correlated with a critical step in the development of many human cancers. The tumor suppressor gene functions include regulation of the cell cycle and the cellular response to DNA damage, initiation of DNA repair and replication, induction of apoptosis and promotion of cell differentiation.

Case Report: Smears from ten cases of cervical lesions were analyzed for status of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene using PCR/SSCP.