Human papillomavirus vaccine effect against human papillomavirus infection in Rwanda: evidence from repeated cross-sectional cervical-cell-based surveys.

Background: Rwanda was the first African country to implement national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (against types HPV6, 11, 16, and 18). In 2011, a school-based catch-up programme was initiated to vaccinate girls aged younger than 15 years but it also reached older girls in schools. We aimed to estimate the population-level effect of HPV vaccination on HPV prevalence.

De-Implementation of Axillary Staging and Radiotherapy in Low-Risk Breast Cancer Patients Aged 70-79 Years from Six Italian Cancer Institutes.

In women aged ≥70 with low-risk breast cancer (BrC), some major international guidelines recommend against sentinel lymph node biopsy (for example, those from the Society of Surgical Oncology, U.S.) and post-lumpectomy radiotherapy (for example, those from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, U.

Human papillomavirus testing on self-collected samples to detect high-grade cervical lesions in rural Bhutan: The REACH-Bhutan study.

Background: "REACH-Bhutan" aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical performance of a community-based screening program for cervical cancer in rural Bhutan using self-collected samples for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing.

Methods: In April/May 2016, 2590 women aged 30-60 years were screened across rural Bhutan by providing a self-collected sample for careHPV testing. All careHPV-positive women, plus a random sample of careHPV-negative women, were recalled for colposcopy and biopsy.

The use of PSA testing over more than 20 years: A population-based study in North-Eastern Italy.

Objective: To describe the practice of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing over more than 20 years in Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG), North-Eastern Italy.

Methods: A population-based, ecological study was conducted using information derived from regional administrative health-related databases. Data on PSA and prostate biopsies performed on resident men aged ⩾45 years from 1998 to 2019 were retrieved.

Age-Specific Prevalence of Anal and Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and High-Grade Lesions in 11 177 Women by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: A Collaborative Pooled Analysis of 26 Studies.

Background: Age-specific data on anal, and corresponding cervical, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are needed to inform female anal cancer prevention.

Methods: We centrally reanalyzed individual-level data from 26 studies reporting HPV prevalence in paired anal and cervical samples by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and age. For women with HIV (WWH) with anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+), we also investigated concurrent cervical cytopathology.

Burden of Kaposi sarcoma according to HIV status: A systematic review and global analysis.

In 2020, over 34 000 cases of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) were estimated globally, all attributable to KS herpesvirus (KSHV). Prior to the HIV epidemic, KS already existed in KSHV endemic regions, notably in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The HIV epidemic has vastly increased the KS burden.

Thyroidectomies in Italy: A Population-Based National Analysis from 2001 to 2018.

The incidence of thyroid disease is generally increasing, and it is subject to major geographic variability, between and within countries. Moreover, the incidence rates and the proportion of overdiagnosis for thyroid cancer in Italy are among the highest worldwide. This study aimed to estimate population-based frequency and trends of thyroidectomies in Italy by type of surgical procedure (total/partial), indication (tumors/other conditions), sex, age, and geographical region.

The relative and attributable risks of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in China: a case-cohort study.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), but its causal role in cardia gastric cancer (CGC) is unclear. Moreover, the reported magnitude of association with NCGC varies considerably, leading to uncertainty about population-based H pylori screening and eradication strategies in high-risk settings, particularly in China, where approximately half of all global gastric cancer cases occur. Our aim was to assess the associations of H pylori infection, both overall and for individual infection biomarkers, with the risks of NCGC and CGC in Chinese adults.

Risk of thyroid as a first or second primary cancer. A population-based study in Italy, 1998-2012.

Background: The number of patients living after a cancer diagnosis is increasing, especially after thyroid cancer (TC). This study aims at evaluating both the risk of a second primary cancer (SPC) in TC patients and the risk of TC as a SPC.

Methods: We analyzed two population-based cohorts of individuals with TC or other neoplasms diagnosed between 1998 and 2012, in 28 Italian areas covered by population-based cancer registries.

Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and risk of subsites within the oral cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between high-risk genotypes of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cancer of different subsites of the oral cavity.

Material And Methods: A pooled analysis of five studies included on the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium was conducted. HPV 16 and HPV 18 were considered.

History of tonsillectomy and risk of oropharyngeal cancer.

Objective: To investigate whether palatine tonsillectomy in youth influences the risk of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) by assessing the association between history of tonsillectomy and risk of tonsillar, base of tongue (BOT) cancer, and other head and neck cancers (HNC).

Materials And Methods: RACKAM was a case-case study comparing frequency of tonsillectomy history in individuals diagnosed with HNC from 2013 to 2018 in 15 centers across France. History of tonsillectomy was defined using combined assessment of patients' recollections and surgeons' visualizations of tonsil area.

Coverage of HPV vaccination programme in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Northern Italy).

Objectives: to assess the completeness and timeliness of Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme in Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) Region (Northern Italy), notably by monitoring 2-dose coverage among girls before they turn 15 years old (referred to as "at 15") in each year between 2009 and 2018 and making a preliminary evaluation of coverage among boys at 13 years in 2016-2018.

Design: retrospective study.

Setting And Participants: for each vaccine recipient, demographic information and history of HPV vaccine uptake from the digital FVG Vaccination Registry updated as of 31.

Thyroid cancer incidence trends by histology in 25 countries: a population-based study.

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased in different populations worldwide in the past 30 years. We present here an overview of international trends of thyroid cancer incidence by major histological subtypes.

Methods: We did a population-based study with data for thyroid cancer incidence collected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for the period 1998-2012.

Global patterns and trends in incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents: a population-based study.

Background: There has been a considerable increase in thyroid cancer incidence among adults in several countries in the past three decades, attributed primarily to overdiagnosis. We aimed to assess global patterns and trends in incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents, in view of the increased incidence among adults.

Methods: We did a population-based study of the observed incidence (in 49 countries and territories) and mortality (in 27 countries) of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years using data from the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer Volume 3 study database, the WHO mortality database, and the cancer incidence in five continents database (CI5plus; for adult data [age 20-74 years]).

Functional outcome after inpatient rehabilitation in postintensive care unit COVID-19 patients: findings and clinical implications from a real-practice retrospective study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is quickly spreading worldwide, with survivors that suffer functional impairments with a consequent key role of rehabilitation in this context. To date, there is a lack of findings on the role of rehabilitation in postacute COVID-19 patients.

Aim: Thus, we aimed at describing the role of a patient-tailored rehabilitation plan on functional outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, Rwanda and Bhutan.

Rwanda and Bhutan, 2 low- and middle-income countries, implemented primarily school-based national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2011 (Rwanda) and 2010 (Bhutan). We estimated vaccination effectiveness through urine-based HPV prevalence surveys in schools in 2013-2014 and 2017. In Rwanda, 912 participants from baseline surveys and 1,087 from repeat surveys were included, and in Bhutan, 973 participants from baseline surveys and 909 from repeat surveys were included.

Vaccination against HPV: boosting coverage and tackling misinformation.

The availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and screening tests has raised the possibility of globally eliminating cervical cancer, which is caused by HPV. Cervical cancer is a very common malignancy worldwide, especially among deprived women. High vaccination coverage is key to the containment and eventual elimination of the infection.

Blood polyphenol concentrations and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Background: Polyphenols are natural compounds with anticarcinogenic properties in cellular and animal models, but epidemiological evidence determining the associations of these compounds with thyroid cancer (TC) is lacking.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between blood concentrations of 36 polyphenols and TC risk in EPIC (the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition).

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted on 273 female cases (210 papillary, 45 follicular, and 18 not otherwise specified TC tumors) and 512 strictly matched controls.