Nano-scaled surfaces and sustainable-antibiotic-release from polymeric coating for application on intra-osseous implants and trans-mucosal abutments.

Multifunctional surfaces may display the potential to accelerate and promote the healing process around dental implants. However, the initial cellular biocompatibility, molecular activity, and the release of functionalized molecules from these novel surfaces require extensive investigation for clinical use. Aiming to develop and compare innovative surfaces for application in dental implants, the present study utilized titanium disks, which were treated and divided into four groups: machined (Macro); acid-etched (Micro); anodized-hydrophilic surface (TNTs); and anodized surface coated with a rifampicin-loaded polymeric layer (poly(lactide-co-glycolide), PLGA) (TNTsRIMP).

Increased ompW and ompA expression and higher virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii persister cells.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the main causes of healthcare-associated infections that threaten public health, and carbapenems, such as meropenem, have been a therapeutic option for these infections. Therapeutic failure is mainly due to the antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii, as well as the presence of persister cells.

Antimicrobial and bone repair effects of boric acid in a rat model of dry socket (alveolar osteitis) following dental extraction.

Background: Alveolitis occurs after dental extraction without blood clot formation, leading to an inflammatory process and bacterial contamination. Boric acid (BA) demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and osteogenic properties. This study aims to evaluate the possible antimicrobial effects and bone repair of BA in a rat model of alveolitis (dry socket).

Copper-coated hospital surfaces: reduction of total bacterial loads and resistant Acinetobacter spp.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a global challenge and an even more staggering concern when related to microorganisms capable of resisting and surviving for long periods in the environment, such as Acinetobacter spp. Strategies that allow a reduction of pathogens from hospital environments represent an additional barrier in infection control protocols, minimizing transmission to hospitalized patients. Considering the antimicrobial properties of copper, here, the bacterial load and the presence of Acinetobacter spp.

Antitubercular Activity of Novel 2-(Quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamides with Improved Drug-Like Properties.

Using cycloalkyl and electron-donating groups to decrease the carbonyl electrophilicity, a novel series of 2-(quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamides was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of (Mtb) growth. Structure-activity relationship studies led to selective and potent antitubercular agents with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the submicromolar range against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mtb strains. An evaluation of the activity of the lead compounds against a spontaneous mutant strain indicated that the structures targeted the cytochrome complex.

Comparative Genome Analysis of with Its Closest Phylogenetic Neighbor, , and and Groups.

currently possesses one of the most highly heat-resistant spores (HRS), which can withstand ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing. Determination of multiple whole genome sequences of . provided an opportunity to perform the first comparative genome analysis between strains and with .

Osteoblastic Cell Behavior and Early Bacterial Adhesion on Macro-, Micro-, and Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces for Biomedical Implant Applications.

Purpose: Surface treatments may significantly affect physical-chemical properties and surface biologic responses. This study aimed to investigate the influence of alterations in the physical-chemical properties of pure titanium with different surface topographies on biocompatibility and early microbiologic response.

Materials And Methods: Titanium disks were exposed to five different surface treatments created through acid etching and anodizing methods.

Influence of titanium and zirconia modified surfaces for rapid healing on adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Objective: Surface alterations have been employed to enhance the osseointegration process in biomedical implants. However, these modifications may influence bacterial adhesion in different ways. Therefore, this study developed five different surfaces and evaluated the Staphylococcus epidermidis growth in early (1 h) and late (24 h) contact.

The topical effect of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in the repair of oral wounds. A review.

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to review the current literature with regard to the use of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in the treatment of oral wounds.

Background: Oral mucosa is continuously subjected to physical or chemical injuries, where it becomes a common site for the occurrence of ulcerated lesions. These lesions are susceptible to infections that may delay healing.

Genome Sequences of Bacillus sporothermodurans Strains Isolated from Ultra-High-Temperature Milk.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 3 strains isolated from ultra-high-temperature milk products in South Africa and Brazil and the type strain MB 581 (DSM 10599). The genomes will provide valuable information on the molecular dynamics of heat resistance in .

Antibacterial potential associated with drug-delivery built TiO nanotubes in biomedical implants.

The fast evolution of surface treatments for biomedical implants and the concern with their contact with cells and microorganisms at early phases of bone healing has boosted the development of surface topographies presenting drug delivery potential for, among other features, bacterial growth inhibition without impairing cell adhesion. A diverse set of metal ions and nanoparticles (NPs) present antibacterial properties of their own, which can be applied to improve the implant local response to contamination. Considering the promising combination of nanostructured surfaces with antibacterial materials, this critical review describes a variety of antibacterial effects attributed to specific metals, ions and their combinations.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus induces the classical ROS-dependent NETosis through PAD-4 and necroptosis pathways activation.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of diseases of the respiratory tract in young children and babies, being mainly associated with bronchiolitis. RSV infection occurs primarily in pulmonary epithelial cells and, once infection is established, an immune response is triggered and neutrophils are recruited. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying NET production induced by RSV.

Antimicrobial efficacy of 0.5% peracetic acid and EDTA with passive ultrasonic or manual agitation in an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model.

We compared the antimicrobial efficacy of EDTA and 0.5% peracetic acid (PAA), with manual agitation (MA) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model. Fifty-five single-rooted human premolar teeth were chemo-mechanically prepared and inoculated with E.

Topical chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and erythromycin in the repair of traumatic ulcers on the rat tongue: Clinical, histological and microbiological evaluation.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of topical application of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 10% povidone-iodine and 50% erythromycin on the optimization of healing process of traumatic ulcers made on ventral tongue of rats.

Design: Forty-Eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, chlorhexidine (Chx), povidone-iodine (PvI) and erythromycin (Er).

Levels of persisters influenced by aeration in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of aeration on persister levels from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii isolates exposed to meropenem or tobramycin, as well as analyze morphological and structural changes in persisters.

Materials & Methods: Levels of persisters were determined after a 48-h exposure to tobramycin or meropenem under aerated or static conditions, and persisters were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Results: The fractions of persisters varied between isolates.

Histopathological, Microbiological, and Radiographic Analysis of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Study in Rats' Molars.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo, by histological and radiographic analysis, the response of apical tissues of rats' teeth with experimentally induced apical periodontitis, after one- and two-session endodontic treatment with and without photodynamic therapy (PDT). A microbiological analysis was also performed to verify bacterial reduction after each treatment.

Background Data: Studies carried out in recent years highlighted the antibacterial potential of PDT when associated with conventional endodontic therapy in vitro.

Effects of meropenem exposure in persister cells of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of meropenem in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) persister levels.

Methods: Persister levels in planktonic and biofilm cultures from ACB isolates were evaluated after exposure to different meropenem concentrations.

Results: A high variability of persister fractions was observed among the isolates cultured under planktonic and biofilm conditions.

Heterogeneous persister cells formation in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Bacterial persistence is a feature that allows susceptible bacteria to survive extreme concentrations of antibiotics and it has been verified in a number of species, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp., Mycobacterium spp. However, even though Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen, data regarding its persistence phenotype are still lacking.

Sodium chloride affects propidium monoazide action to distinguish viable cells.

Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a DNA-intercalating agent used to selectively detect DNA from viable cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here, we report that high concentrations (>5%) of sodium chloride (NaCl) prevents PMA from inhibiting DNA amplification from dead cells. Moreover, Halobacterium salinarum was unable to maintain cell integrity in solutions containing less than 15% NaCl, indicating that extreme halophilic microorganisms may not resist the concentration range in which PMA fully acts.

Effectiveness of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole associated with calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication: an in vivo study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the association of a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) with Ca(OH)(2) as intracanal medication in a rat model of periapical lesions.

Methods: Periapical lesions were induced on the first right mandibular molar tooth of 36 male Wistar rats (6 per group). After 28 days, the distal canal of each tooth was prepared, filled with the respective dressing (negative control group, PEG 400; positive control group, Ca(OH)(2) + PEG400; test group, Ca(OH)(2) + omeprazole + PEG 400), and sealed with amalgam for 15 or 28 days.

Effect of ultrasonics on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a bovine tooth model.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of the ultrasonic irrigation of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in root canals of bovine teeth infected with Enterococcus faecalis.

Methods: Eighty-four bovine incisors were inoculated with E. faecalis, remaining in culture for 50 days for biofilm formation.

Can we add chlorhexidine into glass ionomer cements for band cementation?

Objective: To test if the addition of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) might influence the mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of two different conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) used for band cementation.

Materials And Methods: Two commercial brands of conventional GICs were used: Ketac Cem Easymix (3M/ESPE, St Paul, Minn) and Meron (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). The cements were manipulated in their original composition and also with 10% and 18% CHD in the liquid to create a total of six groups.