Human cranium of Candonga Cave site and its implications for the initial peopling of South America.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the morphology of a skull from Candonga Cave (central Argentina), dating to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, and to discuss its implications for the early peopling of South-America by Palaeoamerican and Amerindian populations. Although this cranium is fragmented, impeding the standard morphometric analysis, an alternative methodology was implemented in order to obtain relevant information about the South American people origins. Results of measurements provide new information to reinforce the hypothesis that Paleoamerican crania possess similar morphological traits to those of current Fueguian populations, as previous studies have claimed, and to suggest that the cranium of Candonga has strong morphological affinities with Early Holocene specimens from Lagoa Santa (Brazil) and Late Holocene of Beagle Channel (Argentina), both belonging to Paleoamerican morphology.

[Cribra orbitalia (Porotic hyperostosis) in a prehistoric population of Parana Medio].

The observation of porotic hyperostosis in the orbits (criba orbitalia) in bone remains of a funeral site at the north of the Santa Fe province strongly suggests the occurrence of severe anemia among dwellers. Intestinal parasitosis (by Ancylostoma duodenalis or Necator americanus) is deemed the most likely cause of the anemia.