Trend in Breakfast Consumption among Primary School Children in Italy.

Eating breakfast daily improves cognitive function, may contribute to learning and academic performance in children and can decrease the risk of childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to analyse how breakfast consumption changed in the period from 2008/9 to 2019 in Italy among children aged 8-9 years old participating in the OKkio alla SALUTE surveys and to explore the associations with some socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Information about children's daily breakfast consumption (adequate, inadequate, and no breakfast) and the socio-demographic characteristics of the children and their mothers was collected through four questionnaires addressed to parents, children, teachers and head teachers.

Inequalities in Childhood Nutrition, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Obesity in Italy.

Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and high body mass index (BMI) are preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases throughout a person's lifespan. The higher prevalence of these risk factors in children from lower socio-economic groups has been generally observed. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of parents' socio-economic conditions on children's consumption of fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened drinks, and inactivity, sedentary behaviour, overweight and obesity.

Exploring changes in children's well-being due to COVID-19 restrictions: the Italian EpaS-ISS study.

Background: While existing research has explored changes in health behaviours among adults and adolescents due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact of quarantine on young children's well-being is still less clear. Moreover, most of the published studies were carried out on small and non-representative samples. The aim of the EpaS-ISS study was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the habits and behaviours of a representative sample of school children aged mainly 8-9 years and their families living in Italy, exploring the changes in children's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the immediately preceding time period.

Changes in Food Consumption and Eating Behaviours of Children and Their Families Living in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The EPaS-ISS Study.

The aim of the EPaS-ISS study was to describe the changes in food consumption and eating behaviours of children (mainly aged 8-9 years) and their families between the pre-COVID-19 period (before February/March 2020) and the COVID-19 period (from February/March 2020 to April 2022). A web questionnaire completed by parents was used to collect data. The sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their parents were also explored through the web questionnaire.

The Correlation between Adolescent Daily Breakfast Consumption and Socio-Demographic: Trends in 23 European Countries Participating in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (2002-2018).

Breakfast is often considered the most important meal of the day and can benefit adolescent health in several ways. The aims of the present study were (1) to identify adolescents' socio-demographic (sex, family affluence and family structure) determinants of daily breakfast consumption (DBC) and (2) to describe trends in DBC among adolescents across 23 countries. Cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of adolescents (aged 11, 13, and 15 years) ( = 589,737) participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey from 2002 to 2018 were used.

Problematic Social Media Use and Cyber Aggression in Italian Adolescents: The Remarkable Role of Social Support.

Unlabelled: The recent increase in electronic and social media use among young people has highlighted the importance of focusing on problematic social media use (PSMU) and the concurrent phenomenon of cyber aggression, as well as the role of social support. As part of the 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study in Italy, this study aims to explore the role of family, peer, and teacher support in the association between cyberbullying and PSMU.

Methods: Data were collected from 4183 school classes in Italy for a total of 58,976 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years.

The methodology of the Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2018 study and its development for the next round.

Introduction: The Italian "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) is a national surveillance system that collects data on health and well-being among adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years attending school. It is part of the HBSC Research Network, an international alliance of researchers from 45 European and North American countries and regions started in 1982.

Methods: All countries and regions participating in HBSC must adhere to a common international standard protocol developed and systematically updated by the entire HBSC Network.

Physical Activity among Italian Adolescents: Association with Life Satisfaction, Self-Rated Health and Peer Relationships.

The aim of this study was to describe physical activity, both moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA), in a large nationally representative sample of Italian adolescents, aged 11, 13 and 15, and to evaluate if Italian adolescents were in line with the 2020 WHO recommendations. In order to assess the possible impact of physical activity on adolescent psychological and social wellbeing, the associations between MVPA and VPA with life satisfaction, self-rated health and peer relationships were also explored. Data from the 2018 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey on 58,976 adolescents were analysed.

Mental Well-Being: 2010-2018 Trends among Italian Adolescents.

(1) Aims: To explore temporal trends 2010-2018 of well-being among Italian adolescents and to evaluate potential explanatory factors. (2) Methods: Italian nationality representative samples of students aged 11, 13, and 15 years were recruited in 2010, 2014, and 2018; Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), for an overall number of 165,000 teenagers. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to fit the trends over time of life satisfaction (LS), psychological (PSY-HC) and somatic health complaints (SOM-HC) considering the contextual factors: school work pressure, social support (family, school, peers), socioeconomic status, geographic area, and immigration background; (3) Results: From 2010 to 2018 while LS was steady, health complaints increased, mainly for PSY-HC, in all age and gender groups.

Alcohol use and misuse: a profile of adolescents from 2018 Italian HBSC data.

Objective: Alcohol remains the most commonly substance used by adolescents.The aim of the study was to draw a comprehensive picture of the behavioural patterns that characterize alcohol use and abuse among 15-year-olds.

Materials And Methods: The study sample included 18,918 15-year-olds participating in the 2018 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey.

Dietary habits among Italian adolescents and their relation to socio-demographic characteristics.

Objective: The aim is to describe dietary habits and their association with socio-demographic characteristics in a large nationally representative sample of Italian adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years.

Materials And Methods: Data from the 2018 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey on 58,976 adolescents were analysed to determine eating habits. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between incorrect dietary habits and potential predictors.

Cadmium bioaccumulation in Mediterranean spider crab (Maya squinado): human consumption and health implications for exposure in Italian population.

Cd bioaccumulation pattern was investigated in Mediterranean spider crab (Maya squinado, Herbst, 1788) collected from the northern Adriatic Sea. Specimens were caught in the framework of a monitoring plan in order to quantify the Cd distribution into different organs and tissues of crab. For this purpose, Cd level was studied in appendages, cephalothorax, abdomen as well as gonads.

Arsenic contamination of the environment-food chain: a survey on wheat as a test plant to investigate phytoavailable arsenic in Italian agricultural soils and as a source of inorganic arsenic in the diet.

Seven hundred and twenty-six samples of wheat grains from the majority of Italian agricultural areas were pooled into 141 composite samples, homogeneous with respect to geographical origin and wheat variety. The average arsenic concentration of the pooled samples was 9 ng g(-1), with a range of 2-55 ng g(-1) (dry weight basis). The spread of arsenic concentrations (coefficient of variation of 91%) was related to spatial variability associated with geochemical and environmental factors.

Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish: focus on extraction and mass balance.

Arsenic (As) speciation in muscle tissues of freshwater fish was investigated with special emphasis on extraction yields and mass balances. For the quantification of water-soluble As compounds, samples were extracted using a 1:1 (v/v) methanol/water mixture. Various extraction parameters, such as extraction volume, number of additional extractions, intermediate and final volume in sample preconcentration were optimized so as to improve the extraction efficiency.

Changes in selenium speciation associated with increasing tissue concentrations of selenium in wheat grain.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) collected in the Nawanshahr-Hoshiarpur Region (Punjab, India) showed the highest selenium concentrations ever recorded in cereal grains (29-185 microg g(-1)). There was a strong positive relationship between the selenium content in shoots and that in kernels, showing that grain selenium concentration can be predicted from that in the vegetative tissues of the plant. The identity and content of the selenocompounds in the grain samples and in wheat-based reference materials were investigated by HPLC-ICP-dynamic reaction cell-MS.

Bioaccumulation potential of dietary arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium in organs and tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) as a function of fish growth.

The distribution and potential bioaccumulation of dietary arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium in organs and tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), a major aquaculture species, was studied in relation to fish growth over a period of >3 years. Fish were reared under normal farming conditions, that is, fed a standard fish food and exposed to negligible levels of waterborne trace elements. The age-related variations in the content of each trace element in gills, kidney, liver, muscle, and skin were studied through nonparametric regression analysis.