The influence of iliotibial tract thickness on clinical outcomes in women with patellofemoral pain.

Background: The assessment of iliotibial tract thickness by ultrasonography may help identify a key, previously unexplored factor that may contribute directly to the homeostasis imbalance of the femoropatellar joint in people with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Objectives: To compare the iliotibial tract thickness of people with PFP and asymptomatic people; and to correlate the iliotibial tract thickness with self-reported pain and function of people with PFP.

Methods: Eighty women, separated into two groups: PFP group (n = 40) and control group consisting of asymptomatic participants (CG; n = 40).

Plasma proteome responses in zebrafish following λ-carrageenan-Induced inflammation are mediated by PMN leukocytes and correlate highly with their human counterparts.

Regulation of inflammation is a critical process for maintaining physiological homeostasis. The λ-carrageenan (λ-CGN) is a mucopolysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of red algae () capable of inducing acute intestinal inflammation, which is translated into the production of acute phase reactants secreted into the blood circulation. However, the associated mechanisms in vertebrates are not well understood.

Photobiomodulation Effectiveness in Treating Androgenetic Alopecia.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a genetically determined condition, which leads to progressive hair loss (HL) of the vertex, affects hair follicles, and promotes partial or total HL. It may be related to important psychological and social distress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) in patients with AGA.

Use of photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation as alternatives for microbial control on clinical and subclinical mastitis in sheep.

Evaluate the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) as alternatives in the treatment of mastitis in sheep. A total of 100 sheep were evaluated, and four teats with clinical mastitis and 16 teats with subclinical mastitis were selected. Milk was collected for isolation and identification of microorganisms.

Effects of photobiomodulation on sport performance in swimming para-athletes - a case series.

This study evaluates photobiomodulation (PBM) on cardio-respiratory function and swimming performance in parathletes. Ten swimming parathletes were tested before PBM, after PBM and placebo irradiation applied on upper musculature. After warmup, the parathletes rested for 1 min, and heart rate was recorded.

Melanin pigmented gingival tissue impairs red-light lateral scattering for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Gingival melanin pigmentation is present in many African and Oriental descendant people and its occurrence in patients may interfere with the absorption and scattering of therapeutic doses of light. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is used as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis and light irradiation may be impaired by tissue size and its melanin content. The aim of this clinical study was to measure the red-light attenuation in gingival tissue naturally pigmented with melanin.

Safety and Clinical Impact of a Single Red Light Irradiation on Breast Tumor-Bearing Mice.

Low-level light therapy has been used in health care as a therapeutic strategy for different diseases. However, its effects on cancer are controversial. This work evaluated the effects of three energies on breast cancer-bearing mice after a single red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation.

Photodynamic Activity on Biofilm in Endotracheal Tubes of Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an infection that arises after endotracheal intubation affecting patients under intensive care. The presence of the endotracheal tube (ETT) is a risk factor since it is colonized by multispecies biofilm. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) could be a strategy to decontaminate ETTs.

Evaluation of red light scattering in gingival tissue - in vivo study.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been used to treat periodontal disease, thus the aim of this study was to investigate red light (ʎ = 660 nm) attenuation in gingival tissue. This clinical trial included 30 patients with chronic periodontitis; three incisors from each patient were selected for the experimental procedures. A laser source with a radiant power output of 100 mW was used.

Photodynamic inactivation assisted by localized surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles: In vitro evaluation on Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans.

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoparticles has been reported to increase the antimicrobial effect of the photodynamic therapy. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an efficient growth inhibitor of microorganisms, no studies exploring LSPR of AgNPs to enhance the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) have been related. In this work, we described the LSPR phenomenon of AgNP sand investigated its interaction with riboflavin, a natural photosensitizer.

Photodynamic inactivation of Candida ssp. on denture stomatitis. A clinical trial involving palatal mucosa and prosthesis disinfection.

Denture stomatitis (DS) is the most common oral fungal infection in denture wearers. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been showing to be an effective technique in vivo against fungi, including fungal infections in the oral cavity. The disinfection of both oral mucosa and denture may represent a real advantage in terms of fungus control.

Photodynamic damage predominates on different targets depending on cell growth phase of Candida albicans.

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been reported to be effective to eradicate a wide variety of pathogens, including antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to identify the potential molecular targets of PDI depending on growth phase of Candida albicans. Fungal cells in lag (6h) and stationary (48h) phases were submitted to PDI mediated by methylene blue (MB) combined with a (662±21) nm-LED, at 360mW of optical power.

Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions: Guidelines and Mechanistic Pathways.

Here, 10 guidelines are presented for a standardized definition of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions. Because of varied notions of reactions mediated by photosensitizers, a checklist of recommendations is provided for their definitions. Type I and type II photoreactions are oxygen-dependent and involve unstable species such as the initial formation of radical cation or neutral radicals from the substrates and/or singlet oxygen ( O ∆ ) by energy transfer to molecular oxygen.

Exploring the effects of low-level laser therapy on fibroblasts and tumor cells following gamma radiation exposure.

Ionizing radiation (IR) induces DNA damage and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been investigated to prevent or repair detrimental outcomes resulting from IR exposure. Few in vitro studies, however, explore the biological mechanisms underlying those LLLT benefits. Thus, in this work, fibroblasts and tumor cells are submitted to IR with doses of 2.

Light therapy modulates serotonin levels and blood flow in women with headache. A preliminary study.

In this study, we looked at the possible effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on blood flow velocity, and serotonin (5-HT) and cholinesterase levels in patients with chronic headache associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). LLLT has been clinically applied over the past years with positive results in analgesia and without the report of any side effects. The understanding of biological mechanisms of action may improve clinical results and facilitate its indication.

Urea enhances the photodynamic efficiency of methylene blue.

Methylene blue (MB) is a well-known photosensitizer used mostly for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT). MB tends to aggregate, interfering negatively with its singlet oxygen generation, because MB aggregates lean towards electron transfer reactions, instead of energy transfer with oxygen. In order to avoid MB aggregation we tested the effect of urea, which destabilizes solute-solute interactions.

Effects of ionic strength on the antimicrobial photodynamic efficiency of methylene blue.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) may become a useful clinical tool to treat microbial infections, and methylene blue (MB) is a well-known photosensitizer constantly employed in APDT studies, and although MB presents good efficiency in antimicrobial studies, some of the MB photochemical characteristics still have to be evaluated in terms of APDT. This work aimed to evaluate the role of MB solvent's ionic strength regarding dimerization, photochemistry, and photodynamic antimicrobial efficiency. Microbiological survival fraction assays on Escherichia coli were employed to verify the solution's influence on MB antimicrobial activity.

Effects of photodynamic therapy on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms by bioluminescence imaging and scanning electron microscopic analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative approach to biofilm disruption on dental hard tissue, We evaluated the effect of methylene blue and a 660 nm diode laser on the viability and architecture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms.

Materials And Methods: Ten human teeth were inoculated with bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus faecalis to form 3 day biofilms in prepared root canals. Bioluminescence imaging was used to serially quantify and evaluate the bacterial viability, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging was used to assess architecture and morphology of bacterial biofilm before and after PDT employing methylene blue and 40 mW, 660 nm diode laser light delivered into the root canal via a 300 μm fiber for 240 sec, resulting in a total energy of 9.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients.

Objective: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been used to combat local infections, and it consists of the combination of a photosensitizer, a light source, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill microbial cells. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of aPDT in the treatment of candidiasis in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: Twenty-one patients were divided into three groups.

The influence of red laser irradiation timeline on burn healing in rats.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) promotes biomodulation of wound healing and literature reports that light delivery during the inflammation could play a different role compared with latter phases of the healing process. The objective of this study was to investigate whether single dose of a red laser (λ = 660 nm) is different from fractionated delivery protocol in full thickness burns. Two lesions were inflicted on the back of 36 rats.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced infection. An in vivo study.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered one of the most important pathogens that represent life-threatening risk in nosocomial environments, mainly in patients with severe burns. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been effective to kill bacteria. The purpose of this study was to develop a burn wound and bloodstream infection model and verify aPDT effects on it.

The use of optical fiber in endodontic photodynamic therapy. Is it really relevant?

This study analyzed the necessity of use of an optical fiber/diffusor when performing antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with endodontic therapy. Fifty freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. Conventional endodontic treatment was performed using a sequence of ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer Instruments), the teeth were sterilized, and the canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis 3 days' biofilm.