Clinical Analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy and Time of Execution of a Transillumination Caries Detection Method Compared to Bitewing Radiographs.

Purposes: this clinical study evaluated the accuracy and execution time of a digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination (DIFOTI) technique for the detection of approximal caries in posterior teeth compared to intra-oral examination associated with bitewing radiographs.

Methods: one hundred patients were selected and submitted to clinical inspection and bitewing radiographs. The outcomes of this process were converted into scores, according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): 0-sound tooth; 1, 2, and 3-carious lesion confined within enamel; 4, 5, and 6-dentin carious lesion.

Combined microalgal photobioreactor/microbial fuel cell system: Performance analysis under different process conditions.

Increasing energy demands and greenhouse gases emission from wastewater treatment processes prompted the investigation of alternatives capable to achieve effective treatment, energy and materials recovery, and reduce environmental footprint. Combination of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology with microalgal-based process in MFC-PBR (photobioreactor) systems could reduce greenhouse gases emissions from wastewater treatment facilities, capturing CO emitted from industrial facilities or directly from the atmosphere. Microalgae production could enhance recovery of wastewater-embedded resources.

Bioelectrochemical treatment of municipal solid waste landfill mature leachate and dairy wastewater as co-substrates.

Despite solid wastes' landfill disposal limitation due to recent European legislation, landfill leachate disposal remains a significant problem and will be for many years in the future, since its production may persist for years after a site's closure. Among process technologies proposed for its treatment, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be effective, achieving both contaminant removal and simultaneous energy recovery. Start-up and operation of two dual-chamber MFCs with different electrodes' structure, fed with mature municipal solid waste landfill leachate, are reported in this study.

Simulation tests of groundwater denitrification with aquifer-buried biocathodes.

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) application was proposed for a variety of specific uses, due to these systems' characteristics: electrodes can act as virtually inexhaustible electron acceptors/donors, offering a growth-support surface for microorganisms, and stimulating naturally-occurring microbial degradation activities. groundwater denitrification therefore seems to be a potential candidate for their use. In this study, buried biocathodes were operated in laboratory settings for the simulation of groundwater denitrification.

Controlled sequential biocathodic denitrification for contaminated groundwater bioremediation.

Nitrate groundwater contamination is a worldwide concern. In this study, a novel 2-stage, sequential biocathodic denitrification system was tested to perform autotrophic denitrification of synthetic groundwater. The system was operated at different nitrate loading rates (66-301 gNO-N m d) at constant NO-N concentration (40 mgNO-N L), by varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) during different trials from about 14 to 3 h.