Publications by authors named "Silvia B Moreira"

A clinicopathologic picture caused by Lichtheimia sp. in a 33-year-old male Sapajus xanthosternos kept in a conservationist center is described. Acute apathy, vomiting, fever, and polydipsia were associated with pneumonia, enteritis, and gastritis presenting fibrinoid vasculitis containing hyphae.

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Intestinal protozoa, which can be asymptomatic or cause diarrhea, dysentery and even death, are among the main agents that affect nonhuman primates (NHPs) kept under human care. Nevertheless, information on the molecular and morphometric profiles of parabasilids in the Neotropics is still scarce. In this context, the objective of this study was to isolate the Parabasalia protozoa detected in the feces of NHPs and their keepers in Pavlova and TYSGM9 media and to characterize the isolates by molecular biology and morphometry.

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Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the parasite and is especially fatal for neotropical primates. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health is responsible for national epizootic surveillance, but some diseases are still neglected. Here, we present an integrated investigation of an outbreak that occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among eleven neotropical primates housed at a primatology center in Brazil.

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Introduction: Zoonotic transmission is a challenge for the control and elimination of malaria. It has been recorded in the Atlantic Forest, outside the Amazon which is the endemic region in Brazil. However, only very few studies have assessed the antibody response, especially of IgM antibodies, in Neotropical primates (NP).

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Gut microbiome disruptions may lead to adverse effects on wildlife fitness and viability, thus maintaining host microbiota biodiversity needs to become an integral part of wildlife conservation. The highly-endangered callitrichid golden lion tamarin (GLT-Leontopithecus rosalia) is a rare conservation success, but allochthonous callitrichid marmosets (Callithrix) serve as principle ecological GLT threats. However, incorporation of microbiome approaches to GLT conservation is impeded by limited gut microbiome studies of Brazilian primates.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on Plasmodium simium, a malaria-causing parasite in Brazilian non-human primates (NHP), which poses a risk for human infections and challenges malaria elimination efforts.* -
  • Researchers analyzed blood samples from 35 NHP using quantitative PCR to measure specific parasite transcript levels, finding that 87.5% of samples confirmed P. simium infection with various rates of gametocyte presence.* -
  • This research establishes a molecular understanding of P. simium in NHP, highlighting low gametocyte counts in most carriers and the potential implications for malaria transmission dynamics.*
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We present the pathology of monkeys naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from five different colonies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On the basis of gross and histopathological findings, the lesions were classified into chronic-active, extrapulmonary, early-activation or latent-reactivation stages. Typical granulomatous pneumonia was seen in 46.

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  • - A new strain of Toxoplasma gondii, named TgBgHmBrRJ1, was isolated from various tissues of a captive black-and-gold howler monkey in Brazil.
  • - The strain displayed high virulence in infected mice and was categorized as having a non-archetypal genotype, similar to other strains in the region, indicating widespread circulation.
  • - Notably, this is only the second report of Toxoplasma infection in neotropical primates in Brazil, despite numerous cases of clinical toxoplasmosis documented in these animals.
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  • A 10-year-old black howler monkey exhibited a 36-day period of symptoms including fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, slow digestion, and weight loss.
  • Treatment involved the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in combination with streptomycin.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed through the isolation of Toxoplasma gondii and PCR testing, with additional support from indirect fluorescent antibody tests showing increased antibody levels.
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Primary female reproductive neoplasms in Platyrrhines species are few reported. We present the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of metastatic endometrioid carcinoma in the uterus, urinary bladder, jejunum, and rectum of a Leontopithecus sp. The neoplastic endometrial cells expressed strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling of cytokeratin 7.

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Mammalian captive dietary specialists like folivores are prone to gastrointestinal distress and primate dietary specialists suffer the greatest gut microbiome diversity losses in captivity compared to the wild. Marmosets represent another group of dietary specialists, exudivores that eat plant exudates, but whose microbiome remains relatively less studied. The common occurrence of gastrointestinal distress in captive marmosets prompted us to study the Callithrix gut microbiome composition and predictive function through bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region sequencing.

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This study reports on infection by Prosthernorchis elegans of Callithrix aurita and Leonthopithecus rosalia through biometry on adults and by molecular biology. Seventy-eight helminths were recovered from the animals' intestine. This is a detailed morphological description and the first molecular characterization of P.

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We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of 2 subgroups, the aurita group (C aurita and C flaviceps) and the jacchus group (C geoffroyi, C jacchus, C kuhlii, and C penicillata), this relatively young primate radiation is endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Significant impacts on Callithrix within these biomes resulting from anthropogenic activity include (1) population declines, particularly for the aurita group; (2) widespread geographic displacement, biological invasions, and range expansions of C jacchus and C penicillata; (3) anthropogenic hybridization; and (4) epizootic Yellow Fever and Zika viral outbreaks.

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Reports of spontaneous hematopoietic neoplasms in Platyrrhines species are scarce. We present the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of disseminated T-cell lymphoma in a male 25-year-old Sapajus xanthosternos kept in a Brazilian conservation center. No molecular evidence of betaherpesvirus or gammaherpesvirus was associated with the occurrence of this neoplasm.

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Background: Plasmodium simium, a malaria parasite of non-human primates (NHP), was recently shown to cause zoonotic infections in humans in Brazil. We sequenced the P. simium genome to investigate its evolutionary history and to identify any genetic adaptions that may underlie the ability of this parasite to switch between host species.

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  • The study aimed to compare the effects of alfaxalone and a combination of ketamine, dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and tramadol (KDMT) on the immobilization of golden-headed lion tamarins during vasectomy.
  • Nineteen healthy male tamarins were administered either alfaxalone at different doses or KDMT, with physiologic variables and anesthetic depth monitored throughout the procedures.
  • Results showed that alfaxalone provided effective sedation and muscle relaxation, while KDMT initially lowered heart rate and blood pressure but offered deeper anesthesia, suggesting alfaxalone is suitable for less invasive procedures. *
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Human malaria due to zoonotic transmission has been recorded in the Atlantic Forest, an extra-Amazonian area in Brazil, which are a challenge for malaria control. Naturally acquired humoral immune response against pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic antigens of Neotropical primates (NP) was evaluated here to improve the knowledge about the exposure of those animals to the malaria transmission and support the identification of the potential reservoirs of the disease in the Atlantic Forest. Blood samples of 154 monkeys from three areas of the Atlantic Forest were used to identify IgG antibodies against peptides of the repeat region of the major pre-erythrocytic antigen, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), of (PvCSP), (Pb/PmCSP), and (PfCSP) by ELISA.

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Background: Callithrix marmosets are a relatively young primate radiation, whose phylogeny is not yet fully resolved. These primates are naturally para- and allopatric, but three species with highly invasive potential have been introduced into the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest by the pet trade. There, these species hybridize with each other and endangered, native congeners.

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Background: Alouatta spp. are highly susceptible to yellow fever (YF) infection and develop an often fatal disease. The threat posed by an outbreak started in 2016 leads us to investigate vaccination as a potential tool in preventing YF in non-human primates (NHP).

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Simian foamy viruses (SFV) infect a wide range of Old World and Neotropical primates (NP). Unlike Old World primates, little is known about the diversity and prevalence of SFV in NP, mainly from a free-living population. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that SFV coevolved with their hosts.

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Zoonotic malaria poses a unique problem for malaria control. Autochthonous cases of human malaria in the Atlantic Forest have recently been attributed to Plasmodium simium, a parasite that commonly infects non-human primates in this Brazilian biome. However, due to its close similarity at both the morphological and molecular level to Plasmodium vivax, the diagnosis of P.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A study conducted at the Primate Centre of Rio de Janeiro found a 6.6% infection rate of P. brasilianum among various NHP species, including those in the genera Callithrix, Mico, and Leontopithecus, marking a first-time discovery of this infection in these primates.
  • * The research indicates that captive NHPs can harbor P. brasilianum, suggesting that factors like the presence of mosquito vectors in their environment may increase
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