Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management.

The first part of this review highlighted the evolving landscape of atherosclerosis, noting emerging cardiometabolic risk factors, the growing impact of exposomes, and social determinants of health. The prominent role of atherosclerosis in the bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer was also discussed. In this second part, we examine the complex interplay between multimorbid cardio-oncologic patients, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the harmful environments that lend a "syndemic" nature to these chronic diseases.

Viral Hepatitis in Western Patients with Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Retrospective Assessment of Prevalence, Prognostic and Predictive Significance.

Despite a biologically established causative role of viral hepatitis (VH), i.e. HBV and HCV infections, on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), only few large Western cohorts exploring the association between VH and ICC development are available.

Harnessing tumor metabolism during cancer treatment: A narrative review of emerging dietary approaches.

Cancer is currently one of the biggest public health challenges worldwide, ranking as the second leading cause of death globally. To date, strong epidemiological associations have been demonstrated between unhealthy lifestyles and eating habits, i.e.

Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Polymorphism c.2194G>A Screening Is a Useful Tool for Decreasing Gastrointestinal and Hematological Adverse Drug Reaction Risk in Fluoropyrimidine-Treated Patients.

Although the risk of fluoropyrimidine toxicity may be decreased by identifying poor metabolizers with a preemptive dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase () test, following international standards, many patients with wild-type (WT) genotypes for classic variations may still exhibit adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Therefore, the safety of fluoropyrimidine therapy could be improved by identifying new polymorphisms associated with ADRs. This study was carried out to assess whether testing for the underestimated c.

The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the first-line treatment for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to further explore the impact of the addition of immunotherapy to gemcitabine-cisplatin as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients.

Methods: Literature research was performed, and hazard ratio values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the tau-squared estimator .

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and neurotoxicity: a focus on diagnosis and management for a multidisciplinary approach.

Introduction: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, the consequential over activation of the immune system is often complicated by adverse events that can affect several organs and systems, including the nervous system. The precise pathophysiology underlying neurological irAEs (n-irAEs) is not completely known. Around 3.

Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside-Part 1.

Atherosclerosis, a complex metabolic-immune disease characterized by chronic inflammation driven by the buildup of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls, has emerged as a pivotal factor in the intricate interplay between cancer and cardiovascular disease. This bidirectional relationship, marked by shared risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of how these two formidable health challenges intersect and influence each other. Cancer and its treatments can contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis, while atherosclerosis, with its inflammatory microenvironment, can exert profound effects on cancer development and outcomes.

Immune escape of multiple myeloma cells results from low miR29b and the ensuing epigenetic silencing of proteasome genes.

Background: Activation of CD28 on multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells, by binding to CD80 and CD86 on dendritic cells, decreases proteasome subunit expression in the tumor cells and thereby helps them evade being killed by CD8 T cells. Understanding how CD28 activation leads to proteasome subunit downregulation is needed to design new MM therapies.

Methods: This study investigates the molecular pathway downstream of CD28 activation, using an in vitro model consisting of myeloma cell lines stimulated with anti-CD28-coated beads.

Circulating biomarkers as predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC: Are we on the right path?

Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) have markedly improved the therapeutic management of advanced NSCLC and, more recently, they have demonstrated efficacy also in the early-stage disease. Despite better survival outcomes with ICIs compared to standard chemotherapy, a large proportion of patients can derive limited clinical benefit from these agents. So far, few predictive biomarkers, including the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have been introduced in clinical practice.

Holistic exploration of and hsa-miR-137 in colorectal cancer via multi-omic data Integration.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most widespread malignancies globally, with early detection significantly influencing prognosis. Employing a systems biology approach, we aimed to unravel the intricate mRNA-miRNA network linked to CRC pathogenesis, potentially yielding diagnostic biomarkers. Through an integrative analysis of microarray, Bulk RNA-seq, and single-cell RNA-seq data, we explored CRC-related transcriptomes comprehensively.

HSV1 microRNAs in glioblastoma development: an in silico study.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor. Recent findings highlighted the significance of viral microRNAs (miRs) in regulating post-transcriptional mRNA expression in various human conditions. Although HSV1 encodes viral miRs and affects the central nervous system, no study investigated the roles of HSV1-encoding miRs in GBM development.

Deciphering the immune landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A single-cell transcriptomic analysis of regulatory T cell responses to PD-1 blockade therapy.

Immunotherapy is changing the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) landscape and improving outcomes for patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. A deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required in light of the limitations of patients' responses to immunotherapy. Here, we aimed to examine how Nivolumab affects infiltrating Tregs in the HNSCC TME.

Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer: an analysis from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Introduction: New oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The aim of this study was to assess the neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of these drugs reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: All reports with regorafenib (REG) and encorafenib (ENC) as the primary suspect, and reported in the FAERS between 2012 and 2022, were collected.

Corrigendum: Cancer survivorship at heart: a multidisciplinary cardio-oncology roadmap for healthcare professionals.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.

Cancer survivorship at heart: a multidisciplinary cardio-oncology roadmap for healthcare professionals.

In cancer, a patient is considered a survivor from the time of initial diagnosis until the end of life. With improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, the number of cancer survivors (CS) has grown considerably and includes: (1) Patients cured and free from cancer who may be at risk of late-onset cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT); (2) Patients with long-term control of not-curable cancers in whom CTR-CVT may need to be addressed. This paper highlights the importance of the cancer care continuum, of a patient-centered approach and of a prevention-oriented policy.

Potential predictive role of gut microbiota to immunotherapy in HCC patients: a brief review.

The recent evolution of immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has led to new therapeutic standards. The advances in immunotherapy have been accompanied by the recognition of the role of the gut-liver axis in the progression of HCC but also of the clinical relevance of the gut microbiota, which influences host homeostasis but also cancer development and the response to treatment. Dysbiosis, by altering the tumour microenvironment, favours the activation of intracellular signalling pathways and promotes carcinogenesis.

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Human Health: Effects on Metabolism, Diabetes and Cancer.

There is increasing evidence of the role of endocrine disruptors (EDs) derived from commonly employed compounds for manufacturing and processing in altering hormonal signaling and function. Due to their prolonged half-life and persistence, EDs can usually be found not only in industrial products but also in households and in the environment, creating the premises for long-lasting exposure. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are common EDs used in industrial products such as flame retardants, and recent studies are increasingly showing that they may interfere with both metabolic and oncogenic pathways.

Low and Ultra-Low HER2 in Human Breast Cancer: An Effort to Define New Neoplastic Subtypes.

HER2-low and ultra-low breast cancer (BC) have been recently proposed as new subcategories of HER2 BC, supporting a re-consideration of immunohistochemical negative scores of 0, 1+ and the 2+/in situ hybridization (ISH) negative phenotype. In the present review, we outline the criteria needed to exactly distinguish HER2-low and ultra-low BC. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated significant clinical benefits of novel HER2 directing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in treating these groups of tumors.

Renal Disorders with Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database.

Background: this study assessed the nephrotoxicity of regorafenib (REG) and encorafenib (ENC) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) through an analysis of reports from the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: descriptive and disproportional analyses were performed for all reports using ENC and REG as the primary suspect.

Results: A total of 379 reports had at least one renal adverse drug reaction (ADR), and these ADRs were mainly related to REG (93.