Statin use and long-term risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage: the MUCH-Italy.

Background: Whether statin use after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) increases the risk of recurrent ICH is uncertain.

Methods: In the setting of the Multicentric Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy we followed up a cohort of 30-day ICH survivors, consecutively admitted from January 2002 to July 2014, to assess whether the use of statins after the acute event is associated with recurrent cerebral bleeding.

Results: 1623 patients (mean age, 73.

Safety and efficacy of concomitant treatment with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and antiseizure medications: A propensity score matching cohort study.

Research on cerebrovascular events in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients taking non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with antiseizure medications (ASMs) is limited, highlighting a significant gap in literature. We assessed thrombotic and hemorrhagic risks in patients on NOACs and ASMs versus those on NOACs or ASMs alone. We analyzed a retrospective cohort from five centers, including AF and epilepsy patients on both medications (n = 188), AF patients on NOACs (n = 298), and epilepsy patients on ASMs (n = 50), with a 3-year follow-up.

Early seizures and risk of epilepsy and death after intracerebral haemorrhage: The MUCH Italy.

Introduction: It is unclear which patients with non-traumatic (spontaneous) intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are at risk of developing acute symptomatic seizures (provoked seizures occurring within the first week after stroke onset; early seizures, ES) and whether ES predispose to the occurrence of remote symptomatic seizures (unprovoked seizures occurring more than 1 week after stroke; post-stroke epilepsy, PSE) and long-term mortality.

Patients And Methods: In the setting of the Multicenter Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy) we examined the risk of ES and whether they predict the occurrence of PSE and all-cause mortality in a cohort of patients with first-ever spontaneous ICH and no previous history of epilepsy, consecutively hospitalized in 12 Italian neurological centers from 2002 to 2014.

Results: Among 2570 patients (mean age, 73.

Long-Term Risk of Arterial Thrombosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: MUCH-Italy.

Background: The identification of patients surviving an acute intracerebral hemorrhage who are at a long-term risk of arterial thrombosis is a poorly defined, crucial issue for clinicians.

Methods: In the setting of the MUCH-Italy (Multicenter Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy) prospective observational cohort, we enrolled and followed up consecutive 30-day intracerebral hemorrhage survivors to assess the long-term incidence of arterial thrombotic events, to assess the impact of clinical and radiological variables on the risk of these events, and to develop a tool for estimating such a risk at the individual level. Primary end point was a composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or other arterial thrombotic events.

One-week storage of refrigerated bovine milk does not affect the size, concentration, or molecular properties of extracellular vesicles.

Milk extracellular vesicles (EV) have gained extensive attention as promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Pre-analytical raw milk storage at low temperatures is an ordinary and usually necessary step after sample collection. It is known that direct freezing of unprocessed whole milk contaminates the native pool of milk EV with other cell structures.

Circadian Rhythm Does Not Affect the miRNA Cargo of Bovine Raw Milk Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo have been proposed as possible mammary gland health biomarkers in cattle. However, throughout the day, the biologically active milk components, such as miRNAs, may change due to the dynamic nature of milk. The current study aimed to evaluate the circadian fluctuation of milk EVs miRNA cargo to assess the feasibility of milk EVs as future biomarkers for mammary gland health management.

Machine learning analysis of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces B and T cell responses, contributing to virus neutralization. In a cohort of 2,911 young adults, we identified 65 individuals who had an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized their humoral and T cell responses to the Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N) and Membrane (M) proteins. We found that previous infection induced CD4 T cells that vigorously responded to pools of peptides derived from the S and N proteins.

Risk Profile of Patients with Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection.

Objective: Epidemiological data to characterize the individual risk profile of patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCeAD) are rather inconsistent.

Methods And Results: In the setting of the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection (IPSYS CeAD), we compared the characteristics of 1,468 patients with sCeAD (mean age = 47.3 ± 11.

Antithrombotic therapy in the postacute phase of cervical artery dissection: the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection.

Objective: To explore the impact of antithrombotic therapy discontinuation in the postacute phase of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) on the mid-term outcome of these patients.

Methods: In a cohort of consecutive patients with first-ever CeAD, enrolled in the setting of the multicentre Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection, we compared postacute (beyond 6 months since the index CeAD) outcomes between patients who discontinued antithrombotic therapy and patients who continued taking antithrombotic agents during follow-up. Primary outcome was a composite of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack.

Inflammatory Response of Primary Cultured Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells to Extracellular Vesicles.

In dairy cows, () is among the most prevalent microorganisms worldwide, causing mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland. Production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common feature of strains, which contributes to its pathogenesis by delivering bacterial effector molecules to host cells. In the current study, we evaluated the differences between five mastitis isolates regarding their EV production.

Determining extracellular vesicles properties and miRNA cargo variability in bovine milk from healthy cows and cows undergoing subclinical mastitis.

Background: Subclinical mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland lacking clinical symptoms, is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases in dairy farming worldwide. Milk microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of different mammary gland conditions, including subclinical mastitis. However, little is known about the robustness of EVs analysis regarding sampling time-point and natural infections.

Assessing extracellular vesicles from bovine mammary gland epithelial cells cultured in FBS-free medium.

Aim: Mammary gland extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found in both human and livestock milk. Our knowledge of the role of EVs in the mammary gland development, breast cancer and mastitis derives mainly from cell culture models. However, a commonly shared limitation is the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a supplement, which naturally contains EVs.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute ischemic stroke in Lombardy, Italy.

Objective: To characterize patients with acute ischemic stroke related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the classification performance of clinical and laboratory parameters in predicting in-hospital outcome of these patients.

Methods: In the setting of the STROKOVID study including patients with acute ischemic stroke consecutively admitted to the ten hub hospitals in Lombardy, Italy, between March 8 and April 30, 2020, we compared clinical features of patients with confirmed infection and non-infected patients by logistic regression models and survival analysis. Then, we trained and tested a random forest (RF) binary classifier for the prediction of in-hospital death among patients with COVID-19.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke in Lombardy, Italy: the STROKOVID network.

Whether and how SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affected in-hospital acute stroke care system is still matter of debate. In the setting of the STROKOVID network, a collaborative project between the ten centers designed as hubs for the treatment of acute stroke during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy, we retrospectively compared clinical features and process measures of patients with confirmed infection (COVID-19) and non-infected patients (non-COVID-19) who underwent reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke. Between March 8 and April 30, 2020, 296 consecutive patients [median age, 74 years (interquartile range (IQR), 62-80.

Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention.

[Figure: see text].

Clinical Features of Patients With Cervical Artery Dissection and Fibromuscular Dysplasia.

Background And Purpose: Observational studies have suggested a link between fibromuscular dysplasia and spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCeAD). However, whether patients with coexistence of the two conditions have distinctive clinical characteristics has not been extensively investigated.

Methods: In a cohort of consecutive patients with first-ever sCeAD, enrolled in the setting of the multicenter IPSYS CeAD study (Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection) between January 2000 and June 2019, we compared demographic and clinical characteristics, risk factor profile, vascular pathology, and midterm outcome of patients with coexistent cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia (cFMD; cFMD+) with those of patients without cFMD (cFMD-).

PREvention of VENous Thromboembolism in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients - PREVENTIHS Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial and a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In this randomized trial, currently utilized standard treatments were compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: Enoxaparin (0.4 mg daily for 10 days) was started after 72 h from the onset of ICH.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein restricts cGAS/STING activation by dsDNA immune complexes.

Dysregulated sensing of self-nucleic acid is a leading cause of autoimmunity in multifactorial and monogenic diseases. Mutations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), a key regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in immune cells, cause autoimmune manifestations and increased production of type I IFNs by innate cells. Here we show that immune complexes of self-DNA and autoantibodies (DNA-ICs) contribute to elevated IFN levels via activation of the cGAS/STING pathway of cytosolic sensing.