Child and caregiver reports of weight control behaviors in pediatric obesity.

Background: This study examined agreement and disagreement between child and caregiver reports of healthy, unhealthy, and extreme weight control behaviors (WCBs) in overweight and obese children.

Methods: Participants were 93 youth 10-17 years old [M = 12.9; standard deviation (SD) = 2.

An optimized web-based approach for collaborative stereoscopic medical visualization.

Objective: Medical visualization tools have traditionally been constrained to tethered imaging workstations or proprietary client viewers, typically part of hospital radiology systems. To improve accessibility to real-time, remote, interactive, stereoscopic visualization and to enable collaboration among multiple viewing locations, we developed an open source approach requiring only a standard web browser with no added client-side software.

Materials And Methods: Our collaborative, web-based, stereoscopic, visualization system, CoWebViz, has been used successfully for the past 2 years at the University of Chicago to teach immersive virtual anatomy classes.

Are your asset data as good as you think? Conducting a comprehensive census of built assets to improve urban population health.

Secondary data sources are widely used to measure the built asset environment, although their validity for this purpose is not well-established. Using community-engaged research methodology, this study conducted a census of public-facing, built assets via direct observation and then tested the performance of these data against widely used secondary datasets. After engaging community organizations, a community education campaign was implemented.

Data-driven interdisciplinary interventions to improve inpatient pain management.

Pain during hospitalization and dissatisfaction with pain management are common. This project consisted of 4 phases: identifying a pain numeric rating scale (NRS) metric associated with patient satisfaction, identifying independent predictors of maximum NRS, implementing interventions, and evaluating trends in NRS and satisfaction. Maximum NRS was inversely associated with favorable pain satisfaction for both efficacy (n = 4062, χ(2) = 66.

Use and Abuse of Internal Cardioverter Defibrillators for Primary Prevention.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. Internal cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have been developed to treat potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Multiple randomised trials have been completed to assess the efficacy of primary prevention ICDs in selected populations.

Diabetic ketoacidosis at diabetes onset: still an all too common threat in youth.

Objective: To define the demographic and clinical characteristics of children at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), with particular attention to the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Study Design: The Pediatric Diabetes Consortium enrolled children with new-onset T1D into a common database. For this report, eligible subjects were aged <19 years, had a pH or HCO(3) value recorded at diagnosis, and were positive for at least one diabetes-associated autoantibody.

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation originating from the moderator band.

We report a case of a 59-year-old man with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation storm. Ventricular fibrillation was pause-dependent and triggered by an early-coupled right ventricular premature complex. The characteristic premature beat was mapped and successfully ablated from Purkinje fibers of the moderator band.

Mapping the motor and sensory cortices: a historical look and a current case study in sensorimotor localization and direct cortical motor stimulation.

The utilization of cortical mapping during craniotomies for epilepsy and brain tumor resection is extremely important. Cortical mapping can guide the surgical team intraoperatively with regards to the layout of important anatomical structures and their function to prevent post-operative deficits. Electroneurophysiological methods employed include sensorimotor localization recorded directly from the surface of the brain when stimulated from a peripheral nerve and direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of the motor cortex to elicit a distal muscle response.

Girls' perceptions of violence and prevention.

This research examines girls' perceptions of violence and its prevention. A purposive sample of 32 young women ages 12-18 who were incarcerated, affiliated with the juvenile justice system, or self-identified as living in disadvantaged neighborhoods participated in 1 of 4 focus groups. Recursive, iterative analysis yielded seven themes, including: violence is learned, violence is contagious, violence is unstoppable, violence is necessary to manage stress and conflict, violence is belonging, violence is connected to other crime, and maybe it can be stopped.

Girls and violence: a review of the literature.

Violence and its prevention are key issues in community health nursing. Significant concern and controversy surrounds the current involvement of girls as witnesses, offenders, and victims of violence. This article provides a review of the literature about girls and violence, including the girls' roles as offenders, victims, and witnesses, predictors of violence, consequences associated with violence, and potential ideas for violence prevention.

Feasibility of using MR enterography for the assessment of terminal ileitis and inflammatory activity in children with Crohn disease.

Background And Objective: Radiation exposure increases cancer risk in children with Crohn disease (CD). Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) can image the gastrointestinal tract without exposure to radiation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether our MRE protocol could diagnose terminal ileitis and the degree of inflammatory activity in children with CD.

Long-term outcomes in elderly surgical patients.

Anesthesia has developed to the point where long-term outcomes are important endpoints. Elderly patients are becoming an increasingly large part of most surgical practices, consistent with demographic shifts. Long-term outcomes are particularly important for this group.

A cloud-based approach to medical NLP.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) enables access to deep content embedded in medical texts. To date, NLP has not fulfilled its promise of enabling robust clinical encoding, clinical use, quality improvement, and research. We submit that this is in part due to poor accessibility, scalability, and flexibility of NLP systems.

Does blood glucose monitoring increase prior to clinic visits in children with type 1 diabetes?

Objective: To assess the occurrence of white coat adherence in families with children who have type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Blood glucose data were downloaded from meters of 72 children, aged 2-11 years, with type 1 diabetes at four consecutive clinic visits. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze patterns of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) during the 28 days before each clinic visit.

Effect of average flow and capacity utilization on effluent water quality from US municipal wastewater treatment facilities.

There is increasing interest in decentralization of wastewater collection and treatment systems. However, there have been no systematic studies of the performance of small treatment facilities compared with larger plants. A statistical analysis of 4 years of discharge monthly report (DMR) data from 210 operating wastewater treatment facilities was conducted to determine the effect of average flow rate and capacity utilization on effluent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, and fecal coliforms relative to permitted values.

Proximal humerus shaft fracture after pectoralis major tendon rupture repair.

Surgical repair of a complete pectoralis major tendon rupture at the humeral insertion has superior results compared to nonoperative treatment. To our knowledge, a proximal humerus shaft fracture occurring at the site of the bone trough and cortical drill holes after a pectoralis major tendon rupture repair has not been reported in the literature.A 45-year-old man sustained an acute left pectoralis major tendon rupture at the humeral insertion while performing a bench press maneuver.

Gender differences in the relationship between parental report of self-regulation skills and adolescents' management of type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the extent to which self-regulation skills of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), including executive functioning and emotion regulation, relate to treatment adherence and glycemic control.

Method: Participants were 109 adolescents aged 12-18 yr with TID and their primary caregiver who attended an outpatient appointment at a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Parents and adolescents completed a measure of treatment adherence.

Anesthesia for geriatric patients.

The number of elderly surgical patients will be increasing in Italy. Slowly, anesthesiologists are developing the expertise to care for these patients. The information available to apply to these cases is now the topic of a number of anesthesia textbooks dedicated to the elderly.

Web-based stereoscopic visualization for the global anatomy classroom.

Many projects have focused on the improvement of virtual education. We have contributed with the global virtual anatomy course for teaching students in multiple locations with stereoscopic volume rendering, audio/video conferencing and additional materials. This year we focused on further simplifying the deployment of the classroom by using the new collaborative and web-based visualization system CoWebViz, to transfer stereoscopic visualization to the classrooms.

Pharmacologic amelioration of severe hypoglycemia-induced neuronal damage.

Hypoglycemia is a common complication for insulin treated people with diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia, which occurs in the setting of excess or ill-timed insulin administration, has been shown to cause brain damage. Previous pre-clinical studies have shown that memantine (an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) and erythropoietin can be neuroprotective in other models of brain injury.

Adding emotional stressors to training in simulated cardiopulmonary arrest enhances participant performance.

Objectives: Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) skills tend to degrade over time. There is mounting evidence that high-fidelity simulation (HFS) is advantageous to teaching ACLS. The aspects of HFS that enhance learning are not entirely clear, but the anxiety generated by a scenario may enhance retention through well-established learning pathways.