Recycling nutrients in the beef supply chain through circular manuresheds: Data to assess tradeoffs.

Nutrient circularity can help supply chain participants meet sustainability targets. Across the segmented beef supply chain, opportunity exists to reinforce and introduce nutrient circularity by recycling surplus manure nutrients from cattle feedlots to lands where cattle feed is produced. We describe four datasets developed to evaluate options in U.

Predictors of E-cigarette and Cigarette Use Trajectory Classes from Early Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Across Four Years (2013-2017) of the PATH Study.

Introduction: This study examines predictors of trajectories of cigarette and e-cigarette use among a cohort of US adolescents transitioning into young adulthood. Comparing trajectories of each tobacco product is important to determine if different intervention targets are needed to prevent progression to daily use.

Methods: Latent trajectory class analyses identified cigarette and e-cigarette use (never, ever excluding past 12-month, past 12-month (excluding past 30-day (P30D)), P30D 1-5 days, P30D 6+ days) trajectory classes, separately, among US youth (12-17; N = 10,086) using the first 4 waves (2013-2017) of data from the nationally representative PATH Study.

Factors associated with the reduction of dental care in Primary Health Care in Brazil after the emergence of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study, 2020.

Objective: To analyze factors associated with the reduction of dental care in Primary Health Care, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with dentists in primary healthcare centers (PHCCs). The reduction of dental care was the outcome, and the exposure variables were sociodemographic data, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and measures adopted by PHCCs during the pandemic.

Medication use in children from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort aged between three months and four years.

Medication use is an important part of the health process and prevalence of its use among infants can reach up to 65% in their first months of life. The excessive use of medication could lead to an increase in their potential harm, surpassing their benefits. Considering this, this study aimed to describe medication use in children aged 3, 12, 24, and 48 months.

COVID-19 and outpatient care: a nationwide household survey.

We aimed to assess the proportion of the population in 133 Brazilian municipalities who - from March to August 2020 - had a health problem but failed to seek care or failed to attend to a health service for routine appointment or examination. We conducted a household survey from August 24-27 in 133 Brazilian cities by asking the subjects if, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, they had suffered from a health problem but did not seek care or failed to attend to a routine or screening examination. Poisson regression was used for the analyses.

Bad company: Loneliness longitudinally predicts the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, and depression in older adults.

Background: Pain, fatigue, and depression frequently co-occur as a symptom cluster. While commonly occurring in those with cancer and autoimmune disease, the cluster is also found in the absence of systemic illness or inflammation. Loneliness is a common psychosocial stressor associated with the cluster cross-sectionally.

Cardiovascular Outcomes among Combustible-Tobacco and Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Users in Waves 1 through 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2019.

Background: Prior studies have not clearly established risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among smokers who switch to exclusive use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We compared cardiovascular disease incidence in combustible-tobacco users, those who transitioned to ENDS use, and those who quit tobacco with never tobacco users.

Methods: This prospective cohort study analyzes five waves of Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data, Wave 1 (2013-2014) through Wave 5 (2018-2019).

Oral Health in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for multiple adverse oral conditions. Few nationally representative oral health data sets encompass the current diversity of tobacco and nicotine products. This investigation examines the validity of oral health measures in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to assess relationships between tobacco use and oral health.

Lipophosphoglycan From Dermotropic New World Upregulates Interleukin-32 and Proinflammatory Cytokines Through TLR4 and NOD2 Receptors.

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is produced during infection, but the components of the parasite that induce its production are unknown. An important multivirulence factor of spp. protozoa is the lipophosphoglycan (LPG), which plays a crucial role in the host-parasite interaction.

A multi-stage process to develop quality indicators for community-based palliative care using interRAI data.

Background: Individuals receiving palliative care (PC) are generally thought to prefer to receive care and die in their homes, yet little research has assessed the quality of home- and community-based PC. This project developed a set of valid and reliable quality indicators (QIs) that can be generated using data that are already gathered with interRAI assessments-an internationally validated set of tools commonly used in North America for home care clients. The QIs can serve as decision-support measures to assist providers and decision makers in delivering optimal care to individuals and their families.

The use of standardized Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF) as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients (BeeCovid2): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread and affects large numbers of people with unprecedented impacts. Experimental evidence has already been obtained for use of the standardized extract of Brazilian green propolis (EPP-AF) against viral targets, and clinical rationality has been demonstrated for testing this extract as an adjunct to treatment in patients affected by COVID-19. The BeeCovid2 study aims to assess whether EPP-AF has an impact on the improvement of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 by reducing the length of hospital stay.

P-FLUX: A phosphorus budget dataset spanning diverse agricultural production systems in the United States and Canada.

Quantifying spatial and temporal fluxes of phosphorus (P) within and among agricultural production systems is critical for sustaining agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts. To better understand P fluxes in agricultural landscapes, P-FLUX, a detailed and harmonized dataset of P inputs, outputs, and budgets, as well as estimated uncertainties for each P flux and budget, was developed. Data were collected from 24 research sites and 61 production systems through the Long-term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and partner organizations spanning 22 U.

Variability in Urinary Nicotine Exposure Biomarker Levels Between Waves 1 (2013-2014) and 2 (2014-2015) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Introduction: To date, no studies have evaluated the consistency of biomarker levels in people who smoke over a long-time period in real-world conditions with a large number of subjects and included use behavior and measures of nicotine metabolism. We evaluated the variability of biomarkers of nicotine exposure over approximately a 1-year period in people who exclusively smoke cigarettes, including intensity and recency of use and brand switching to assess impact on understanding associations with product characteristics.

Aims And Methods: Multivariate regression analysis of longitudinal repeated measures of urinary biomarkers of nicotine exposure from 916 adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study with demographic characteristics and use behavior variables.

The gut-liver axis: host microbiota interactions shape hepatocarcinogenesis.

Although their etiologies vary, tumors share a common trait: the control of an oncogenic transcriptional program that is regulated by the interaction of the malignant cells with the stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME shows high phenotypic and functional heterogeneity that may be modulated by interactions with commensal microbes (the microbiota) both systemically and locally. Unlike host cells, the microbiota adapts after environmental perturbations, impacting host-microbe interactions.

Validation of a reduced instrument Diabetes-21 for assessing health-related quality of life among people with diabetes.

Objective: To analyze the validity, reliability and interpretability of a short form instrument for assessing health-related quality of life among people with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a validation study, comprised of the adaptation phases of the Diabetes-39 instrument (consisting of 5 domains and 39 items), pre-test, structural validity analyses (exploratory and confirmatory), reliability, concurrent validity and interpretability.

Results: The factorial structure of the short final version differed from the original instrument.

[Use of anticholinergic drugs among the elderly and a comparison between risk scales: a population-based study].

The pattern of morbidity and mortality has changed in recent years due to the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases, leading to multiple comorbidities and the use of several medications. The scope of the study was to evaluate the anticholinergic drugs used by elderly people, according to risk scales. It involved a population-based cross-sectional study with elderly people.

Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and Death in Patients Infected With the Yellow Fever Virus During the 2018 Outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil.

Introduction: There have been few studies investigating acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with yellow fever (YF). The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for AKI and death in such patients.

Methods: We evaluated 95 consecutive critically ill adult patients with the sylvatic form of YF, as confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, in Brazil.

Orthostatic changes in blood pressure and survival in elderly cardiopaths.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the association between orthostatic changes in blood pressure and mortality in elderly cardiopath patients.

Methods: A cohort of 455 elderly cardiopath patients, monitored at a referral outpatient cardiology clinic in Pernambuco, Brazil, from October 2015 to July 2018. The exposure groups were formed according to their orthostatic changes in blood pressure following the requirements of the Brazilian Guidelines for Hypertension.

Factors associated with changes in flavored tobacco products used: Findings from wave 2 and wave 3 (2014-2016) of the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study.

Introduction: Flavored non-cigarette tobacco product use is widespread in the U.S. The availability of flavor options could be playing a role in recent increases in use, especially for non-cigarette tobacco products, among youth and young adults.

Effects of Regular Exercise During Pregnancy on Early Childhood Neurodevelopment: The Physical Activity for Mothers Enrolled in Longitudinal Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise during pregnancy on early childhood neurodevelopment (cognitive, motor, and language domains).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial nested into the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort was conducted. Healthy pregnant women were enrolled between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation; 424 women and their children (intervention [n = 141]; control [n = 283]) were analyzed.

Evaluation of Polymorphisms in Toll-Like Receptor Genes as Biomarkers of the Response to Treatment of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum.

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an inflammatory complication caused by a dysregulated immune response to . Some Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as capable of recognizing antigens from , triggering a wide antimicrobial and inflammatory response. Genetic polymorphisms in these receptors could influence in the appearance of ENL as well as in its treatment.

Circulating interleukin-17A in patients with acute and chronic coronary syndromes.

Introduction: Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is produced by Th17 and other cells. It is debatable whether IL-17 is atherogenic or atheroprotective. The role of this interleukin in the development and progression of coronary artery disease is unknown.