Comparative analysis of the antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits in ESBL-producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 strains colonizing the gastrointestinal tract and causing a fatal bloodstream infection in a leukemia patient.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans. The mechanisms underlying the successful translocation of this pathogen to cause extra-intestinal infections remain unknown, although virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits likely play significant roles in the establishment of infections. We investigated K.

Colistin resistance emerges in pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clones in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, able to accumulate and disseminate a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes. Resistance to colistin, one of the last therapeutic options for multi-drug-resistant bacteria, has been reported increasingly. Colistin-resistant K.

Major globally disseminated clonal complexes of antimicrobial resistant enterococci associated with infections in cancer patients in Brazil.

Cancer and hematological malignancies constitute major comorbidities in enterococcal infections, but little is known about the characteristics of enterococci affecting cancer patients. The aim of this study was to characterize 132 enterococcal clinical isolates obtained from cancer patients attending a Cancer Reference Center in Brazil between April 2013 and March 2014. Susceptibility to 17 antimicrobial agents was assessed by disk diffusion method.

Serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with infections in cancer patients in Brazil.

We sought to characterize pneumococcal isolates associated with bacteremia, pneumonia and meningitis in cancer patients and to estimate the coverage of the available pneumococcal vaccines. Fifty isolates recovered from 49 patients attending a cancer reference center over a 1-year period were analyzed. The prevalent serotypes were: 23F (12%), 6A (8%), 3, 4, 20, and 23A (6% each).

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmecIV in a university hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

We evaluated clinical outcomes and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmecIV recovered from patients who attended at a teaching hospital from Porto Alegre, Brazil. All Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producer isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 30 (11 isolates, related to Oceania Southwest Pacific clone [OSPC]), and the PVL-negative isolates were typed as CC5 (2 isolates, related to the pediatric clone). Five patients had health care-associated infections (HCAIs) with hospital-onset, 5 HCAIs with community-onset, and 3 community-acquired infections without risks.

Risk factors for and mortality of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli nosocomial bloodstream infections.

A case-control study, involving patients with positive blood cultures for Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) or Escherichia coli (EC) EC and controls with positive blood cultures for non-ESBL-KP or EC, was performed to assess risk factors for extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) production from nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs). Mortality among patients with BSIs was also assessed. The study included 145 patients (81, 59.

Corynebacterium striatum infecting a malignant cutaneous lesion: the emergence of an opportunistic pathogen.

We described a case of a 27-year old male patient with skin and soft tissue infection of a neoplastic lesion caused by Corynebacterium striatum, an organism which has been rarely described as a human pathogen. Identification was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Successful treatment with penicillin was achieved.

Indications of carbapenem resistance evolution through heteroresistance as an intermediate stage in Acinetobacter baumannii after carbapenem administration.

We describe an in vivo evolution of an antimicrobial profile from susceptibility to full-resistance to carbapenems, with heteroresistance as an intermediate stage, in an Acinetobacter baumannii strain. Heteroresistance was characterized by the growth of sub-populations within the susceptibility halo in both disk-diffusion and Etest. PCRs for the main A.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous polymyxin B in critically ill patients.

Background: Although not much pharmacokinetic knowledge is available, polymyxin B is increasingly used for treatment of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to all other antibiotics.

Methods: This study involved 8 patients who received intensive care after intravenous administration of a 60-min infusion of polymyxin B at currently recommended doses. Blood and urine samples were collected, and plasma protein binding of polymyxin B was determined.

[Strongyloides Stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome: case report].

Background And Objectives: Strongyloides Stercoralis is a common cause of gastrointestinal infection. This nematode can produce an overwhelming hyperinfection syndrome, especially in the immunocompromised patient. Typically, patients present with pulmonary symptoms, but subsequently they can acquire Gram-negative sepsis.