Involving different stakeholders in prioritising outcomes to assess healthcare systems response for type 1 diabetes management: Using co-creation approaches in Peru.

Background: Engaging diverse stakeholders in developing core outcome sets (COSs) can produce more meaningful metrics as well as research responsive to patient needs. The most common COS prioritisation method, Delphi surveys, has limitations related to selection bias and participant understanding, while qualitative methods like group discussions are less frequently used. This study aims to test a co-creation approach to COS development for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Peru.

Co-creation process of an intervention to implement a multiparameter point-of-care testing device in a primary healthcare setting for non-communicable diseases in Peru.

Background: Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices are diagnostic tools that can provide quick and accurate results within minutes, making them suitable for diagnosing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, these devices are not widely implemented in healthcare systems and for this reason is relevant to understand the implementation process.

Aim: To describe the process and define a strategy to implement a multiparameter POCT device for diagnosing and managing NCDs in one region of Peru.

User requirements for non-invasive and minimally invasive glucose self-monitoring devices in low-income and middle-income countries: a qualitative study in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Tanzania.

Aims: Development of non-invasive and minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices (NI-MI-GMDs) generally takes place in high-income countries (HICs), with HIC's attributes guiding product characteristics. However, people living with diabetes (PLWD) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) encounter different challenges to those in HICs. This study aimed to define requirements for NI-MI-GMDs in LMICs to inform a target product profile to guide development and selection of suitable devices.

Framing health taxes: learning from low- and middle-income countries.

Health taxes are effective policy instruments to save lives, raise government revenues and improve equity. Health taxes, however, directly conflict with commercial actors' interests. Both pro-tax health advocates and anti-tax industry representatives seek to frame health tax policy.

Political and socioeconomic factors that shaped health taxes implementation in Peru.

Background: In 2016 and 2018, the Peruvian Ministry of Economy and Finance (MoEF) significantly reformulated taxes on tobacco products, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). During these processes, different actors advanced arguments supporting or opposing the taxes. This study examines Peru's political and socioeconomic factors, the role of other actors and framing strategies, shaping health taxes introduction.

Implementation of a salt substitute intervention using social marketing in resourced-limited communities in Peru: a process evaluation study.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a process evaluation of a salt substitute trial conducted in Peru.

Methods: Through semi-structured interviews of intervention participants, we documented and analyzed process evaluation variables as defined by the Medical Research Council Framework. This study was a stepped wedge trial conducted in Tumbes, Peru in 2014.

Scoping review of measures of treatment burden in patients with multimorbidity: advancements and current gaps.

Objectives: To identify, assess, and summarize the measures to assess burden of treatment in patients with multimorbidity (BoT-MMs) and their measurement properties.

Study Design And Setting: MEDLINE via PubMed was searched from inception until May 2021. Independent reviewers extracted data from studies in which BoT-MMs were developed, validated, or reported as used, including an assessment of their measurement properties (e.

Forty years after Alma-Ata: primary health-care preparedness for chronic diseases in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru.

Background: Four decades after the Alma-Ata Declaration, strengthening primary health care (PHC) remains a priority for health systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the prominence of chronic diseases as a global health issue, PHC must include a wide range of components in order to provide adequate care.

Objective: To assess PHC preparedness to provide chronic care in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru, we used, as 'tracer conditions', diabetes, hypertension and a country-specific neglected tropical disease with chronic sequelae in each country.

Lessons learned about co-creation: developing a complex intervention in rural Peru.

: Co-creation is the process of involving stakeholders in the development of interventions. Although co-creation is becoming more widespread, reports of the process and lessons learned are scarce.: To describe the process and lessons learned from using the COHESION manual, a co-creation methodology to develop interventions aimed at the improvement of diagnosis and/or management of chronic diseases at the primary healthcare level in a low-resource setting in Peru.

Parents' Perceptions about Salt Consumption in Urban Areas of Peru: Formative Research for a Social Marketing Strategy.

Background: Salt intakes in Latin America currently double the World Health Organization's recommendation of 5 g/day. Various strategies to reduce the population's salt consumption, such as raising awareness using social marketing, have been recommended. This study identified parents' perceptions of salt consumption to inform a social marketing strategy focused on urban areas in Peru.

Disruption, changes, and adaptation: Experiences with chronic conditions in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru.

Chronic conditions are an increasing problem in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) yet, the challenges faced by low-income populations with these conditions in such countries are not well understood. Based on in-depth interviews with people affected by chronic conditions and their family members, this paper describes the experience of patients suffering from diabetes or hypertension in rural communities of Mozambique, Nepal, and Peru. We analysed our data using the concepts of disruption and adaptive strategies, finding that despite being very different countries, the implications in daily lives, interpersonal relationships, and family dynamics are similar, and that oftentimes such impact is defined along gender lines.

Moving from formative research to co-creation of interventions: insights from a community health system project in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru.

Different methodological approaches for implementation research in global health focusing on how interventions are developed, implemented and evaluated are needed. In this paper, we detail the approach developed and implemented in the COmmunity HEalth System InnovatiON (COHESION) Project, a global health project aimed at strengthening health systems in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru. This project developed innovative formative research at policy, health system and community levels to gain a comprehensive understanding of the barriers, enablers, needs and lessons for the management of chronic disease using non-communicable and neglected tropical diseases as tracer conditions.

Food Perceptions and Dietary Changes for Chronic Condition Management in Rural Peru: Insights for Health Promotion.

Peru is undergoing a nutrition transition and, at the country level, it faces a double burden of disease where several different conditions require dietary changes to maintain a healthy life and prevent complications. Through semistructured interviews in rural Peru with people affected by three infectious and noninfectious chronic conditions (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and neurocysticercosis), their relatives, and focus group discussions with community members, we analyzed their perspectives on the value of food and the challenges of dietary changes due to medical diagnosis. The findings show the various ways in which people from rural northern Peru conceptualize good () and bad () food, and that food choices are based on life-long learning, experience, exposure, and availability.

Integration of a Technology-Based Mental Health Screening Program Into Routine Practices of Primary Health Care Services in Peru (The Allillanchu Project): Development and Implementation.

Background: Despite their high prevalence and significant burden, mental disorders such as depression remain largely underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Objective: The aim of the Allillanchu Project was to design, develop, and test an intervention to promote early detection, opportune referral, and access to treatment of patients with mental disorders attending public primary health care (PHC) services in Lima, Peru.

Methods: The project had a multiphase design: formative study, development of intervention components, and implementation.