Influence of diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus on fear of childbirth.

Introduction: Considering the relationship between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes, it's pertinent to investigate whether this diagnosis is a predictor of fear of childbirth. As there is little data about the fear of childbirth in Brazil, it´s necessary to understand better the population, and this way the authors can identify factors that influence this fear as well as propose public health policies to treat it.

Objective: The main goal was to compare the prevalence of fear of childbirth between the groups of low-risk pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.

High Incidence Rates of Early-onset Bacterial Sepsis in Infants Born in Two Brazilian Maternities: A 15-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Data on the burden and etiology of neonatal early-onset bacterial sepsis (EOBS) in low-to-middle-income countries are scarce. Surveillance is critical for optimizing prevention and treatment strategies. We aimed to estimate the incidence of EOBS in 2 large Brazilian cohorts of neonates.

Cytokine quantification and association with cervical length in a prospective cohort of pregnant women.

Background: Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality; its multifactorial causes are an obstacle to understanding etiology and pathogenesis. The importance of cytokines and inflammation in its etiology and association with the short cervix is nowadays well-proven. To date, there are no reliable biological or biochemical markers to predict preterm birth; even though the length of the cervix has high specificity, its sensitivity with the cervix below 2.

Condyloma acuminata: An evaluation of the immune response at cellular and molecular levels.

Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a benign proliferative disease mainly affecting in non-keratinized epithelia. Most cases of CA are caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV 6 and 11. The aim of the current study was to highlight the candidate genes and pathways associated with immune alterations in individuals who did not spontaneously eliminate the virus and, thus, develop genital warts.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Puerperal Women Treated at a Tertiary Referral Hospital.

Objective:  To evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among puerperal women cared for at a tertiary university hospital and the level of understanding of these puerperal women about toxoplasmosis, vertical transmission, and its prophylaxis.

Methods:  For this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 225 patients using presential interviews, prenatal documentation, and electronic medical records. Data were stored using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software.

Applying a physiotherapy protocol to women during the active phase of labor improves obstetrical outcomes: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Labor is a physiological process triggered by mechanical and hormonal events that promote uterine contractions to expel the fetus.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nonpharmacologic childbirth care protocol in women in the active phase of labor in improving obstetrical and perinatal outcomes.

Study Design: This was a randomized trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis.

Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis.

Persistent infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions. Moreover, HPV is also associated with oropharynx and other anogenital carcinomas. Cancer-causing HPV viruses classified as group 1 carcinogens include 12 HPV types, with HPV 16 and 18 being the most prevalent.

Is it Necessary to Evaluate Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women? A Scoping Review.

Objective:  To review concepts, definitions, and findings about fear of childbirth (FOC).

Methods:  A bibliographic review was carried out through the main scientific databases in 2020.

Results:  All 32 articles considered potentially relevant were analyzed.

COVID-19 Vaccines Confer Protection in Hospitalized Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had deleterious effects among the obstetric population. Pregnant and postpartum women constitute a high-risk group for severe COVID-19. Vaccination reduces the risk of infection, but it is not known whether women who become infected despite vaccination have a milder course of disease than those who had not been vaccinated.

Assistance to Victims of Sexual Violence in a Referral Service: A 10-Year Experience.

Objective:  To evaluate the assistance provided to women victims of sexual violence and their participation in the follow-up treatment after the traumatic event, presenting a sociodemographic profile, gynecological background, and circumstances of the event, and reporting the results, acceptance, and side effects of prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy.

Methods:  A retrospective cohort study comprising the period between 2007 and 2016. All women receiving medical care and clinical follow-up after a severe episode of sexual violence were included.

Perspectives on administration of COVID-19 vaccine to pregnant and lactating women: a challenge for low- and middle-income countries.

Women who are in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle or are lactating have been deliberately excluded from participating in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials that aimed to evaluate either the efficacy of the vaccines in inducing the formation of neutralizing antibodies or the investigational products' safety profile. The exclusion of pregnant and lactating women from such studies certainly and inequitably denies these women access to COVID-19 vaccines, since these products have become increasingly available to nonpregnant people and even to those who are pregnant and are in high-income settings. In this clinical opinion article, we discuss some aspects of the prolonged pandemic, the emergence of viral variants, the risks of severe complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women, and the disproportionate impact of the above on low- and middle-income countries.

Scale for assessing the quality of life of women with Human Papillomavirus infection.

Objectives: to develop and validate a scale for assessing the quality of life of women with Human Papillomavirus infection.

Methods: a methodological study to develop the stages of item elaboration, apparent and content validation, semantic validation, pre-test, item allocation in domains, and reliability.

Results: 98 items were elaborated and submitted to apparent and content validation (version 2; n=05).

Immunogenicity and safety of the AS04-HPV-16/18 and HPV-6/11/16/18 human papillomavirus vaccines in asymptomatic young women living with HIV aged 15-25 years: A phase IV randomized comparative study.

Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are at higher risk of acquisition and progression of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Evidence on effect of HPV vaccination in this population is limited.

Methods: This phase IV randomized controlled observer-blind study assessed immunogenicity and safety of two HPV vaccines (AS04-HPV-16/18 vs.

Antiviral activity of curcumin-nanoemulsion associated with photodynamic therapy in vulvar cell lines transducing different variants of HPV-16.

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound with antineoplastic properties. The use of nanoparticles containing curcumin could allow a better performance of this compound in therapies.

Prediction of Preterm Birth by Maternal Characteristics and Medical History in the Brazilian Population.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a previously published algorithm for first-trimester prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) in a cohort of Brazilian women.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing routine antenatal care. Maternal characteristics and medical history were obtained.

Changes in Cortisol Awakening Response Before and After Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Which Cannot be Avoided with Use of Cannabidiol: A Case Report.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown attenuated cortisol awakening response in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Case Presentation: A 15-year-old girl, a survivor of acute sexual violence, received a 7-day oral treatment with cannabidiol. She was followed-up from the first 24 hours after the event for 6 months, for assessment of the effects of this treatment on the reconsolidation of memories related to the traumatic event.