Factors associated with infant formula supplementation in Brazilian hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with infant formula supplementation in newborns referred to rooming-in in Brazilian hospitals.

Method: Cross-sectional study with data from 14,531 postpartum women and newborns obtained from the "Birth in Brazil" survey, conducted in 2011-2012. The analysis used a logistic regression model with a hierarchical approach.

Burden of early-term birth on adverse infant outcomes: a population-based cohort study in Brazil.

Objectives: To estimate the national rate of early-term live births in Brazil and to evaluate the effect of birth at 37 and 38 weeks' gestation, as compared with 39 and 40 weeks' gestation on infant outcomes according to precursors of birth and the existence of maternal/fetal medical conditions.

Design: National perinatal population-based cohort study.

Setting: 266 maternity services located in the five Brazilian macroregions.

Good practices according to WHO's recommendation for normal labor and birth and women's assessment of the care received: the "birth in Brazil" national research study, 2011/2012.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends good practices for the conduct of uncomplicated labor and birth, with the aim of improving the quality of and assessment by women of childbirth care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adoption of good practices according to WHO's recommendation for normal labor and birth and assessment by women of the care received.

Methods: Birth in Brazil is a national hospital-based study with countrywide representation consisting of 23,894 mothers and their newborns, conducted between February 2011 and October 2012.

Factors associated with unintended pregnancy in Brazil: cross-sectional results from the Birth in Brazil National Survey, 2011/2012.

Background: Unintended pregnancy, a pregnancy that have been either unwanted or mistimed, is a serious public health issue in Brazil. It is reported for more than half of women who gave birth in the country, but the characteristics of women who conceive unintentionally are rarely documented. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence and the association between unintended pregnancy and a set of sociodemographic characteristics, individual-level variables and history of obstetric outcomes.

Access to childbirth care by adolescents and young people in the Northeastern region of Brazil.

Objective: To identify the factors that interfere with the access of adolescents and young people to childbirth care for in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 3,014 adolescents and young people admitted to the selected maternity wards to give birth in the Northeast region of Brazil. The sample design was probabilistic, in two stages: the first corresponded to the health establishments and the second to women who had recently given birth and their babies.

Obstetric, Sociodemographic, and Psychosocial Problems of Postpartum Adolescents of Huambo, Angola.

This study aims to establish a profile of teenage pregnancy (<20 years) at a hospital in Huambo, Angola. Subjects were categorized into two age groups, 10-16 and 17-19 years. We interviewed 381 mothers in the postpartum maternity ward of the Central Hospital of Huambo.

Provider-Initiated Late Preterm Births in Brazil: Differences between Public and Private Health Services.

Background: A large proportion of the rise in prematurity worldwide is owing to late preterm births, which may be due to the expansion of obstetric interventions, especially pre-labour caesarean section. Late preterm births pose similar risks to overall prematurity, making this trend a concern. In this study, we describe factors associated with provider-initiated late preterm birth and verify differences in provider-initiated late preterm birth rates between public and private health services according to obstetric risk.

Factors associated with postpartum depressive symptomatology in Brazil: The Birth in Brazil National Research Study, 2011/2012.

Background: Depression is one of the most common postpartum mental disorders. Many sociodemographic and individuals risk factors are associated with maternal depression but the impact of high levels of birth intervention is unclear. The Brazilian context is characterized by excessive intervention and frequent non-compliance with recommended obstetric protocols.

Low birthweight and postnatal weight in full-term infants under six months old, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

This study investigated the association between low birthweight and postnatal weight in full-term infants, taking social, economic, maternal and babies characteristics into account. A cross-sectional study was conducted with infants under six months old at 27 primary healthcare units in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil, in 2007. Only singleton full-term babies were included.

Determining gestational age based on information from the Birth in Brazil study.

This study aimed at assessing the validity of different measures for estimating gestational age and to propose the creation of an algorithm for gestational age at birth estimates for the Birth in Brazil survey--a study conducted in 2011-2012 with 23,940 postpartum women. We used early ultrasound imaging, performed between 7-20 weeks of gestation, as the reference method. All analyses were performed stratifying by payment of maternity care (public or private).

Prevalence and factors associated with nutritional deviations in women in the pre-pregnancy phase in two municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and potential factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status of women.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 with 1,535 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and randomly selected in health units of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipalities of Queimados and Petrópolis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnosis of nutritional deviations was based on the Body Mass Index, according to the classification of the Institute of Medicine, and the following categories were obtained: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity.

Determining gestational age for public health care users in Brazil: comparison of methods and algorithm creation.

Background: A valid, accurate method for determining gestational age (GA) is crucial in classifying early and late prematurity, and it is a relevant issue in perinatology. This study aimed at assessing the validity of different measures for approximating GA, and it provides an insight into the development of algorithms that can be adopted in places with similar characteristics to Brazil. A follow-up study was carried out in two cities in southeast Brazil.

[Repeated pregnancy among adolescents and negative outcomes of the newborn: study in the city of Rio de Janeiro].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of repeated pregnancy among adolescents and identify associated factors and perinatal outcomes. A sample of 1,986 post-partum adolescents was selected from public hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To verify the hypothesis of homogeneity of proportions, chi-square tests (χ²) were used.

[Adequacy of weight gain in pregnant women from two municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), Brazil, 2008].

Purpose: To evaluate sociodemographic, behavioral and reproductive factors and morbidities associated with inadequate weight gain during pregnancy.

Methods: Cohort study conducted from December 2007 to August 2008 with women in the first trimester of pregnancy looking for prenatal care in the Public Health System who lived in the cities of Petrópolis or Queimados, Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil). Women with multiple pregnancy, who had a miscarriage in the index pregnancy or who lacked information for the assessment of pregravid nutritional status or weight gain were excluded.

Birth in Brazil: national survey into labour and birth.

Background: Caesarean section rates in Brazil have been steadily increasing. In 2009, for the first time, the number of children born by this type of procedure was greater than the number of vaginal births. Caesarean section is associated with a series of adverse effects on the women and newborn, and recent evidence suggests that the increasing rates of prematurity and low birth weight in Brazil are associated to the increasing rates of Caesarean section and labour induction.

[The decision of women for cesarean birth: a case study in two units of the supplementary health care system of the State of Rio de Janeiro].

Cesarean section rates are very high in Brazil mainly in private hospitals, probably due to socioeconomic and cultural factors. The objective of this study was to describe socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and reproductive characteristics of women in the postpartum period and the factors that had determined their decision for caesarean section in two units of the supplementary health care system of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The study population was composed of 437 women that had vaginal or caesarean childbirths in the two selected units.

Congenital malformations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors.

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of congenital malformations and their correlation with socioeconomic and maternal variables. The design was cross-sectional, based on a sample of 9,386 postpartum women after admission for childbirth in maternity hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the immediate postpartum, as well as by consulting the patient records of both the mothers and newborn infants.

[Consequences of sociodemographic inequalities on birth weight].

Objective: To analyze sociodemographic inequalities in prenatal and childbirth care and their consequences on birth weight.

Methods: The study was based on a sample of 10,072 postpartum women treated at public (those outsourced by the National Health System) and private maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1999 to 2001. To test the association between birth weight and maternal sociodemographic and biological characteristics and prenatal care (modified Kotelchuck index), postpartum women were stratified by level of schooling and two multiple linear regressions were performed.

[Racial, sociodemographic, and prenatal and childbirth care inequalities in Brazil, 1999-2001].

Objective: To analyze social inequalities and inequalities in access to and utilization of health care services according to skin color in a representative sample of postpartum women receiving hospital childbirth care.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 9,633 postpartum women, of whom 5,002 were white (51.9%), 2,796 mulatto (29.