Toward Interpretable Sleep Stage Classification Using Cross-Modal Transformers.

Accurate sleep stage classification is significant for sleep health assessment. In recent years, several machine-learning based sleep staging algorithms have been developed, and in particular, deep-learning based algorithms have achieved performance on par with human annotation. Despite improved performance, a limitation of most deep-learning based algorithms is their black-box behavior, which have limited their use in clinical settings.

Human Chorionic Membrane-derived Tunable Hydrogels for Vascular Tissue Engineering Strategies.

One of the foremost targets in the advancement of biomaterials to engineer vascularized tissues is not only to replicate the composition of the intended tissue but also to create thicker structures incorporating a vascular network for adequate nutrients and oxygen supply. For the first time, to the best of current knowledge, a clinically relevant biomaterial is developed, demonstrating that hydrogels made from the human decellularized extracellular matrix can exhibit robust mechanical properties (in the kPa range) and angiogenic capabilities simultaneously. These properties enable the culture and organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells into tubular structures, maintaining their integrity for 14 days in vitro without the need for additional polymers or angiogenesis-related factors.

Impact of Tricuspid Repair on Surgical Death in Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery Due to Rheumatic Disease.

Background: Tricuspid valve repair during mitral valve replacement surgery remains a controversial topic. The risk-benefit ratio in some populations remains uncertain, especially in rheumatic heart disease patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of concomitant tricuspid repair on surgical mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery due to rheumatic mitral valve disease who have moderate to severe functional tricuspid regurgitation.

High-performance wide-band open-source system for acoustic stimulation.

The design and characterization of a low-cost, open-source auditory delivery system to deliver high performance auditory stimuli is presented. The system includes a high-fidelity sound card and audio amplifier devices with low-latency and wide bandwidth targeted for behavioral neuroscience research. The characterization of the individual devices and the entire system is performed, providing a thorough audio characterization data for varying frequencies and sound levels.

Preventing Infections in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Purpose Of Review: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is a commonly performed procedure to treat degenerative conditions of the shoulder. With its growing utilization, techniques to reliably diagnose and treat prosthetic joint infection (PJI) have become increasingly important. In this review we outline the current research and prevention methods of prosthetic joint infection in rTSA.

Assessing the role of prognostic nutritional index in predicting outcomes for rectal cancer surgery.

Background & Aims: The association of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) with prognosis has been established for various cancer types, including rectal cancer. However, the precise relationship between PNI and body composition characteristics in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PNI on overall survival and disease-free survival in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients undergoing total surgical resection.

Factors associated with signs of congenital syphilis in newborns.

Objective: To analyze risk factors (maternal, obstetric and demographic) associated with congenital syphilis and the clinical characteristics of the newborns.

Method: A cross-sectional study carried out in ten public maternity hospitals in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil that included cases of live births reported with congenital syphilis in 2015.

Results: 469 cases were analyzed; 199 (42.

Analysis of scientific publications on oral cancer diagnosis delays: a bibliometric study over 22 years.

Background: The area of oncology still lacks bibliometric studies that investigate the diagnostic interval of oral cancer. This study proposed to carry out a bibliometric analysis of epidemiological studies that investigated the diagnosis of oral cancer between 2002 to 2024.

Material And Methods: On April, 2024, the Scopus and Web of Science databases were explored, and the selected articles underwent bibliometric analysis of performance and scientific mapping of journals, authors, institutions, and countries, as well as the predominant topics and trends in research into the diagnosis of oral cancer through an analysis of references and co-occurrence of key words.

Anxiolytic and Anticonvulsant Effects of Fisetin Isolated from Bauhinia pentandra on Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Anxiety and epilepsy are common worldwide and represent a primary global health concern. Fisetin, a flavonoid isolated from Bauhinia pentandra, has a wide range of biological activities may be a promising alternative to combat diseases related to the central nervous system (CNS). The present study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of fisetin on adult zebrafish.

Evaluation of Bauhinia ungulata Essential Oil as a New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor from an in silico and in vitro Perspective in the Northern Amazon of Brazil.

The Bauhinia ungulata, also known by its common name "pata de vaca", is one of the species used in Brazil for medicinal purposes, and is commonly used for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, the authors studied the interaction between the chemical constituents which are present in the essential oil of Bauhinia ungulata (EOBU), collected in Boa Vista-RR, Legal Amazon, and their effects on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the essential oil. The analysis that we perform includes proton magnetic resonance ( H NMR), enzymatic inhibition, molecular docking, in silico toxicity prediction, enrichment analysis, and target prediction for biological interactions.

The role of interleukin-10 in mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress in aged mice through exercise.

Although unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for cellular protection, its prolonged activation may induce apoptosis, compromising cellular longevity. The aging process increases the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in skeletal muscle. However, whether combined exercise can prevent age-induced ER stress in skeletal muscle remains unknown.

Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic and its spatial distribution in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: an ecological study.

Objective: To investigate excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic and its spatial distribution in Pernambuco, Brazil.

Methods: This was an ecological, descriptive and analytical study of deaths, by municipality, recorded on the Mortality Information System, in 2020 and 2021. Excess mortality was measured by comparing observed and expected deaths, the latter estimated by calculating standardized mortality ratio (SMR).

[Analysis of the effect of mammography allocation on women's health indicators].

The early detection of breast cancer enables more effective forms of treatment. However, widespread access to its main screening tool, mammography, remains a challenge for the Brazilian public health system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of allocating mammography equipment on women's health indicators.

Factors associated with the indication of neonatal echocardiography in the investigation of congenital heart diseases.

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the indication of echocardiography for the investigation of congenital heart disease among newborns.

Method: Retrospective sectional study through the collection of 848 medical records of patients admitted to maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, respecting the time frame from September to December 2022.

Results: The average age of mothers was 26.

Antihyperalgesic effect of γ-terpinene complexed in β-cyclodextrin on neuropathic pain model induced by tumor cells.

Neuropathic pain is a high-intensity pain that can be caused by compression, transection, injury, nerve infiltration and drug treatment of cancer. Furthermore, drug therapy has low clinical efficacy, many adverse effects and remission of painful symptoms. In this way, natural products derived from plants constitute a promising therapeutic alternative.

Antimicrobial and anthelmintic effects of copper nanoparticles against Koi carp parasites and their toxicity.

This study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial and anthelmintic effect of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, the monogeneans Dactylogyrus minutus, Dactylogyrus extensus, Gyrodactylus cyprini, and the cestode Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, as well as their toxicity to Cyprinus carpio Koi. In the antimicrobial in vitro test, the inhibition zone method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were performed. In order to determine the time and efficacy of monogenean parasite mortality, the parasites were exposed to CuNP concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg L, and a control group with tank water and one with copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO.

LUS me up: elevating ARDS diagnosis.

Boumans et al. conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound (LUS) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study found that LUS has high specificity (0.

Biomarker panels for fruit intake assessment: a metabolomics analysis in the ELSA-Brasil study.

Introduction: Food intake biomarkers are used to estimate dietary exposure; however, selecting a single biomarker to evaluate a specific dietary component is difficult due to the overlap of diverse compounds from different foods. Therefore, combining two or more biomarkers can increase the sensitivity and specificity of food intake estimates.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of metabolite panels to distinguish between self-reported fruit consumers and non-consumers among participants in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Unlocking the nutraceutical potential of Corylus avellana L. shells: microwave-assisted extraction of phytochemicals with antiradical and anti-diabetic properties.

Background: In recent years, the demand for high-quality natural extracts to be included in nutraceutical formulations has increased sharply. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells (HZS) are underrated agricultural by-products that could be exploited as a source of active ingredients with pro-healthy properties.

Intergenerational consequences of violence: violence during pregnancy as a risk factor for infection in infancy.

Introduction: Psychosocial stress during pregnancy has long-lasting and important consequences in the following generations, as it can affect intrauterine development. The impact on the developing immune system is notoriously important due to the associated morbidity and mortality in the first years of life. Little attention has been given to the role of violence during pregnancy (VDP), especially its impact on infant infectious morbidity.

Antiprotozoal, Anthelmintic and Antivectorial Activities of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology has been established as a promising alternative for treating a myriad of disease-causing microorganisms that pose threats to human health. The utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) emerges as a strategy to enhance the therapeutic arsenal against these diseases, especially given the tendency of many pathogens to develop resistance to conventional medications. Notably, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have garnered attention for their multifaceted biomedical applications, encompassing antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and drug delivery properties.

Microplastics associated with stranded macroalgae on an impacted estuarine beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Microplastics (MPs) are contaminants widely distributed in marine ecosystems. Only few studies approached MP interactions with marine plants, which are considered potential traps for MPs. Here, we determined MPs' densities and types associated with stranded macroalgae on a eutrophic beach in Guanabara Bay.