[Antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis. II Antibiotic strategy].

Antibiotherapy is one of the main treatments of cystic fibrosis, contributing to a better nutritional and respiratory status and a prolonged survival. The choice of antibiotics depends on quantitative and qualitative analysis of sputum, bacteria resistance phenotypes and severity of infection. Haemophilus influenzae infection can be treated orally with the association of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or a cephalosporin.

[Antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis. I. Pharmacologic specifics of antibiotics].

Antibiotherapy is one of the main treatment in cystic fibrosis. Antibiotic administration schedules are different from normal patients because of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic particularities. In moderate disease, the digestive resorption of antibiotics is delayed and their half-life is reduced due to an increase in total clearance.

In vitro susceptibilities to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and miconazole of filamentous fungi isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.

The antimicrobial activities of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and miconazole against 101 filamentous fungi from patients with cystic fibrosis were tested by a reproducible microdilution method. Itraconazole was very active against Aspergillus species and Scedosporium species (MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited [MIC90], 0.06 to 0.

[Severe colitis in mucoviscidosis].

We report the association of severe indeterminate colitis with cystic fibrosis in a 21 year old woman, with mild pulmonary involvement, and without digestive or pancreatic symptoms or pancreatic enzyme preparation. Ten cases of inflammatory bowel disease associated with a cystic fibrosis have been reported. Most fit with the diagnostic criteria of Crohn's disease.

[Pneumococcal meningitis in children: should probabilistic antibiotherapy of infectious meningitis be modified?].

Background: Since a significant proportion of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains is now resistant to penicillin and sometimes to third-generation cephalosporin, it is necessary to reevaluate the initial therapy of bacterial meningitis proposed before identification of the organism and its susceptibility pattern.

Population: From 1 January 1992 to 31 March 1994, nine children with acute S pneumoniae meningitis were treated with ceftriaxone plus aminoglycoside as conventional initial therapy. Eight children were less than 1 year-old (five from 3 to 6 months).

Correlation between activity of beta-lactam agents in vitro and bacteriological outcome in acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis.

A study was conducted to determine whether a direct relationship exists between beta-lactam and/or aminoglycoside activity measured in vitro and bacteriological outcome in acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Twenty-seven patients, aged between 6 months and 24 years (mean age 10 1/2 years), were included in the study and received 41 i.v.

[Infectious complication after lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis].

The infectious complications after lung transplantation have been studied in 26 patients suffering from mucoviscidosis who had transplants in the Ile-de-France between July 1987 and October 1990. We counted 99 infections (74 bacterial infections, 23 viral infections and two fungal infections) during a cumulative observation period of 127 months. The majority of the infections (48%) were localised to the grafted lung.

Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of amikacin in children with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.

The penetration of amikacin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied with 16 children (mean age, 1 year and 9 months; range, 4 months to 8 years) with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Amikacin was given intravenously at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight twice daily.

Insulin responses to intravenous glucose and the hyperglycemic clamp in cystic fibrosis patients with different degrees of glucose tolerance.

The relationship between altered insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance was studied in 32 cystic fibrosis patients, 16 men and 16 women, aged 8-26 y, using oral and i.v. glucose tolerance tests and a hyperglycemic glucose clamp (10 mmol/L).

Concentrations of ceftriaxone in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis receiving dexamethasone therapy.

The penetration of ceftriaxone into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied with 11 children (mean age: 2 years, 4 months; range: 4 months to 8 years) with meningitis, receiving dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg of body weight intravenously four times daily) as adjunctive therapy. Ceftriaxone was given intravenously at doses of 50 mg/kg twice daily to patients < 18 months old and 100 mg/kg once daily to patients > or = 18 months old.

[Amiloride hydrochloride nebulized by oxygen in the treatment of mucoviscidosis].

Bronchial inhalation of amiloride chlorhydrate has been suggested for a number of years in the treatment of the pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis. However, physiotherapy remains invaluable in the struggle in containing pulmonary infections in this disorder. Physiotherapy may lead to a transient fall in the arterial oxygen as can sessions of nebuliser therapy which precedes physiotherapy.