Long-term functional outcomes after radical cystectomy with ileal bladder substitute: does the definition of continence matter?

Objective: Functional outcomes after ileal bladder substitution reflect the expectations of future patients at a particular centre. The aim of this study was to use validated questionnaires and a pad-weighing test to investigate functional outcomes after neobladder reconstruction at long-term follow-up in patients at a single centre.

Materials And Methods: During 2005 - 2015, 75 patients received a Studer ileal bladder substitute at the Department of Urology, Malmö.

In a rat model of panic, corticotropin responses to dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation depend on physical exertion.

Panic disorder patients are exquisitely and specifically sensitive to hypercapnia. The demonstration that carbon dioxide provokes panic in fear-unresponsive amygdala-calcified Urbach-Wiethe patients emphasizes that panic is not fear nor does it require the activation of the amygdala. This is consonant with increasing evidence suggesting that panic is mediated caudally at midbrain's dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG).

Informing future research priorities into the psychological and social problems faced by cancer survivors: a rapid review and synthesis of the literature.

Purpose: To establish what is known regarding the psychological and social problems faced by adult cancer survivors (people who are living with and beyond a diagnosis of cancer) and identify areas future research should address.

Method: A rapid search of published literature reviews held in electronic data bases was under taken. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, and removal of duplicated papers, reduced the initial number of papers from 4051 to 38.

The physical and practical problems experienced by cancer survivors: a rapid review and synthesis of the literature.

Purpose: A rapid and comprehensive review to identify what is known and not known about the physical and practical problems faced by adult cancer survivors.

Methods: A systematic literature review process was used. This focused on published reviews to enable a fast but rigorous identification of both the gaps and well-researched areas within survivorship.

Treatment and survival patterns for germ cell tumors among 13- to 24-year olds in Yorkshire, UK.

Background: Teenage and young adult (TYA) patient care can fall into gaps between adult and children's services. Increasingly UK TYA multi-disciplinary teams manage germ cell tumors (GCT) in locally agreed collaborations and age ranges. Patterns of care are changing rapidly.

Development of a novel tumor-targeted vascular disrupting agent activated by membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases.

Vascular disrupting agents (VDA) offer a strategy to starve solid tumors of nutrients and oxygen concomitant with tumor shrinkage. Several VDAs have progressed into early clinical trials, but their therapeutic value seems to be compromised by systemic toxicity. In this report, we describe the design and characterization of a novel VDA, ICT2588, that is nontoxic until activated specifically in the tumor by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP).

Tumour endoproteases: the cutting edge of cancer drug delivery?

Despite progression in anticancer drug development and improvements in the clinical utilization of therapies, current treatment regimes are still dependent upon the use of systemic antiproliferative cytotoxic agents. Although these agents are unquestionably potent, their efficacy is limited by toxicity towards 'normal' cells and a lack of tumour selective targeting, resulting in a therapeutic index which is modest at best. Consequently, the development of more tumour selective cancer treatments, with better discrimination between tumour and normal cells is unequivocally an important goal for cancer drug discovery.

Antibacterial resistance of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens recovered from patients in Latin America: results from the PROTEKT surveillance study (1999-2000).

PROTEKT (Prospective Resistant Organism Tracking and Epidemiology for the Ketolide Telithromycin) is a global surveillance study established in 1999 to monitor antibacterial resistance of respiratory tract organisms. Thirteen centers from Argentina, Brazil and Mexico participated during 1999-2000; they collected 1806 isolates (Streptococcus pneumoniae 518, Haemophilus influenzae 520, Moraxella catarrhalis 140, Staphylococcus aureus 351, S. pyogenes 277).

Photosynthesis in rust-infected adult Norway spruce in the field.

•  Norway spruce (Picea abies) has been infected by the needle rust Chrysomyxa rhododendri in many regions of the Central Alps with increasing intensities in recent years. Basidiospores formed on leaves of the main host, Rhododendron sp., only penetrate into developing current-year needles of Norway spruce, which leads to shedding of infected needles in the autumn.

Capsaicin's effect on rat nasal mucosa substance P release: experimental basis for vasomotor rhinitis treatment.

Substance P (SP) is one of several neuropeptides found in nasal mucosa. It exists primarily in sensory afferent neurons, which are best demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. These substance P-like immunoreactive (SPLI) nerve fibers are unmyelinated C fibers, which connect to the trigeminal ganglion and the spinal trigeminal nucleus.