OPADIA Study: Is a Patient Questionnaire Useful for Enhancing Physician-Patient Shared Decision Making on Physical Activity Micro-objectives in Diabetes?

Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) is recommended by all type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management guidelines. The OPADIA study aimed to determine whether using a specific patient questionnaire (Optima-PA©) could help T2DM patients increase their PA by leading to better physician-patient communication and improved levels of shared decision making concerning Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, Timely (SMART)-PA micro-objectives.

Methods: Physicians participating in this multicentre, prospective, randomised, real-life study were allocated to a standard group (T2DM patients managed according to usual clinical practice, n = 24) or the OPTIMA-PA group (additional use of the questionnaire, n = 30).

Psychological and psychiatric aspects of face transplantation: Lessons learned from the long-term follow-up of six patients.

Since 2005, at least 38 face transplantations have been performed worldwide. Available recommendations on psychological management are based on isolated cases or small case series, either not focused on mental health or with a short follow-up. We propose herein a clinical commentary on psychological and psychiatric outcomes from the follow-up of a prospective single-center cohort of six patients over a period of 3.

Emotional Ability and Skin-restricted Lupus Evolution: A Longitudinal Study.

Impaired emotional abilities (higher scores of alexithymia and lower levels of emotional awareness) were found in patients with skin-restricted lupus, warranting examination of the relationship between these abilities and the evolution of skin-restricted lupus, using longitudinal data. A total of 75 consecutive outpatients with skin-restricted lupus were recruited and assessed by a dermatologist and a psychiatrist every 6 months over a period of 2.5 years.

Motivational interviewing training for medical students: A pilot pre-post feasibility study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of brief training in motivational interviewing (MI) from a non-specialist professional for medical students.

Methods: Students (n = 20) received three four-hour sessions of MI training over one week. They interviewed caregivers acting as patients in two standardised medical situations, six weeks before and three weeks after training.

Psychogenic itch.

Psychogenic itch can be defined as "an itch disorder where itch is at the center of the symptomatology and where psychological factors play an evident role in the triggering, intensity, aggravation, or persistence of the pruritus." The disorder is poorly known by both psychiatrists and dermatologists and this review summarizes data on psychogenic itch. Because differential diagnosis is difficult, the frequency is poorly known.

Personality and breast cancer screening in women of the GAZEL cohort study.

The potential benefit of breast cancer screening is mitigated by the risk of false positives and overdiagnosis, thus advocating for a more personalized approach, based on the individual benefit-harm balance. Since personality might influence the women's appraisal of this balance, this prospective observational cohort study examined whether it could influence mammography use. A total of 2691 postmenopausal women of the GAZEL Cohort Study completed the Bortner Type A Rating Scale and the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory in 1993.

When Blue-Collars Feel Blue: Depression and Low Occupational Grade as Synergistic Predictors of Incident Cardiac Events in Middle-Aged Working Individuals.

Background: The association of psychological variables with cardiovascular health might depend on socioeconomic status. We examined the moderating effect of occupational grade on the association between depression and incident cardiac events among middle-aged workers from the GAZEL cohort.

Methods And Results: A total of 10 541 participants (7855 men, mean age: 47.

Delay discounting of gains and losses, glycemic control and therapeutic adherence in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Delay discounting is the tendency to prefer smaller, sooner rewards to larger, later ones. Poor adherence in type 2 diabetes could be partially explained by a discounted value of health, as a function of delay. Delay discounting can be described with a hyperbolic model characterized by a coefficient, k.

Self-Inflicted Lesions in Dermatology: A Management and TherapeuticApproach - A Position Paper From the European Society for Derma-tology and Psychiatry.

The classification of self-inflicted skin lesions proposed by the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP) group generated questions with regard to specific treatments that could be recommended for such cases. The therapeutic guidelines in the current paper integrate new psychotherapies and psychotropic drugs without forgetting the most important relational characteristics required for dealing with people with these disorders. The management of self-inflicted skin lesions necessitates empathy and a doctor-patient relationship based on trust and confidence.

Countertransference in Dermatology.

The doctor-patient relationship in dermatology, as in all the fields of medicine, is not a neutral relationship, removed from affects. These affects take root in the sociocultural, professional, family and personal history of both persons in the relationship. They underpin the psychic reality of the patients, along with a variety of representations, preconceived ideas, and fantasies concerning dermatology, the dermatologists or the psychiatrists.

Effectiveness and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Chronic Hepatitis B: A 3-Year, Prospective, Real-World Study in France.

Background And Aims: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) demonstrated potent and sustainable antiviral efficacy and a good safety profile in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in controlled clinical trials. Real-world data are important to confirm effectiveness and safety data in patient populations encountered in routine clinical practice.

Methods: This non-interventional, prospective, 36-month study included treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients with CHB initiating their first TDF regimen (monotherapy or combination therapy) in routine clinical practice in France.

Smoking and the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Absolute Neutrophil Count in the Investigations Préventives et Cliniques Cohort Study.

Objectives: Depressive symptoms have been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, including elevated neutrophil count. Smokers often have both high neutrophil count and depressive symptoms. Thus, smoking could explain the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and neutrophil count.

[Occupational stress and myocardial infarction].

Besides the best-known role of depressed mood, occupational stress deserves to be taken as a coronary risk factor. There are two basic models to define occupational stress: Karasek's model (high job psychological demands associated with low decision latitude, or even low social support at work) and Siegrist's model (imbalance between efforts and rewards received). The combination of the two models better reflects the coronary risk than each model alone.

Congenital anosmia and emotion recognition: A case-control study.

Patients with anosmia are not able to detect volatile chemicals signaling the presence of infectious and non-infectious environmental hazards, which typically elicit disgust and fear, respectively. Social animals may compensate a loss of olfaction by taking advantage of signals of threat that are produced by their conspecifics. Among humans and other primates, body postures and facial expressions are powerful cues conveying emotional information, including fear and disgust.

Treating empty nose syndrome as a somatic symptom disorder.

Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare complication of inferior turbinate resection, characterized by a paradoxical nasal obstruction sensation despite decreased nasal resistance. Here we report the case of a 37-year-old patient with ENS and severe functional impairment, who was diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder and treated accordingly. Cognitive behavior therapy targeting dysfunctional beliefs and avoidance behaviors together with a treatment by venlafaxine resulted in dramatic functional improvement between month 2 and month 4.

The multinational second Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes and Needs study: results of the French survey.

Aim: The second Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2™) multinational cross-sectional study was aimed at generating insights to facilitate innovative efforts by people with diabetes (PWD), family members (FMs), and health care professionals (HCPs) to improve self-management and psychosocial support in diabetes. Here, the French data from the DAWN2™ study are described.

Methods: In France, 500 PWD (80 with type 1 diabetes [T1] and 420 with type 2 diabetes [T2]), 120 FMs, and 288 HCPs were recruited.

Personality Moderates the Improvement of Depressive Symptoms After Retirement: Evidence from the GAZEL Cohort.

Objective: Previous studies have suggested a positive effect of retirement on depressive symptoms. The present study took advantage of the large-scale, prospective Gaz et Electricité (GAZEL) cohort to examine whether personality could influence this effect.

Methods: Depressive symptoms were assessed in 1993, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008 with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Hostility and the risk of peptic ulcer in the GAZEL cohort.

Objective: Evidence for an association between hostility and peptic ulcer mainly relies on cross-sectional studies. Prospective studies are rare and have not used a validated measure of hostility. This prospective study aimed to examine the association between hostility and peptic ulcer in the large-scale French GAZEL cohort.

Perceived stress, sex and occupational status interact to increase the risk of future high blood pressure: the IPC cohort study.

Background: Contrary to lay beliefs, current perceived stress is not consistently associated with the incidence of high blood pressure (BP) in prospective studies, possibly because of moderating factors. The present prospective study examined this association and explored the potential moderating effects of sex or occupational status.

Method: The 4-item Perceived Stress Scale was filled at baseline by 19 766 normotensive adults (13 652 men, mean age ± SD: 46.

Appropriate training based on Balint groups can improve the empathic abilities of medical students: a preliminary study.

Objective: Although empathy is critical in a doctor-patient relationship, empathic abilities seem to decline throughout medical school. This study aimed at examining changes in empathic abilities of fourth-year medical students who participated in an optional certificate based on Balint groups.

Methods: Thirty-four students were included in the "Balint group" certificate and compared with 129 participating in other certificates.

Depression and the risk of cancer: a 15-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort.

Depression has long been hypothesized to be associated with cancer incidence. However, there is evidence for a positive publication bias in this field. In the present study, we examined the association between various measures of depression and cancer incidence at several sites.

Mortality associated with depression as compared with other severe mental disorders: a 20-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort.

Individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD) have an increased risk of mortality from somatic diseases. This study examined whether this risk is different in persons with depressive disorders compared to those with other SMD (i.e.

Impact of organizational culture on preventability assessment of selected adverse events in the ICU: evaluation of morbidity and mortality conferences.

Purpose: To determine whether organizational culture is associated with preventability assessment of reported adverse events (AE) in intensive care units (ICU).

Design: Blind review of time randomly distributed case notes written in the form of structured abstracts by the nurses who participated in recently implemented morbidity and mortality conferences from December 2006 to June 2010 in a 18-bed ICU in France. Ninety-five abstracts summarizing the discussions of 95 AE involving 95 patients were reviewed by two external blinded pairs (each comprised of one senior intensivist and one psychologist).