Fungal Microbiota Composition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Characterization in Different Phenotypes and Correlation With Clinical Activity and Disease Course.

Background: There is growing evidence of the role of the mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Variations within phenotypes and activity and with prognosis have been poorly studied.

Methods: A total of 111 individuals were prospectively enrolled: 89 IBD patients (52 ulcerative colitis and 37 Crohn's disease [CD]) and 22 healthy individuals.

Mucosal and faecal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as potential biomarkers for collagenous colitis.

Background: Collagenous colitis (CC) is an inflammatory bowel disease where chronic diarrhoea is the main symptom. Diagnostic markers distinguishing between CC and other causes of chronic diarrhoea remain elusive. This study explores neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and its mRNA lipocalin2 (LCN2) as histological and faecal disease markers in CC.

Patient Derived Colonoids as Drug Testing Platforms-Critical Importance of Oxygen Concentration.

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging, with a series of available drugs each helping only a fraction of patients. Patients may face time-consuming drug trials while the disease is active, thus there is an unmet need for biomarkers and assays to predict drug effect. It is well known that the intestinal epithelium is an important factor in disease pathogenesis, exhibiting physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions.

The serotonin reuptake transporter is reduced in the epithelium of active Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Serotonin is a highly conserved and ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in a vast variety of biological processes. A majority of serotonin is produced in the gastrointestinal epithelium, where it is suggested to act as a prominent regulatory molecule in the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Extracellular and circulating serotonin levels are thought to be elevated during intestinal inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms have been poorly understood.

Intestinal Epithelial Cells Express Immunomodulatory ISG15 During Active Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] secrete cytokines that recruit immune cells to the mucosa and regulate immune responses that drive inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. However, experiments in patient-derived IEC models are still scarce. Here, we aimed to investigate how innate immunity and IEC-specific pattern recognition receptor [PRR] signalling can be involved in an enhanced type I interferon [IFN] gene signature observed in colon epithelium of patients with active IBD, with a special focus on secreted ubiquitin-like protein ISG15.

Ulcer-associated cell lineage expresses genes involved in regeneration and is hallmarked by high neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as Lipocalin 2, is an antimicrobial protein, encoded by the gene LCN2, strongly upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a promising biomarker for IBD. Here we demonstrate that NGAL is highly expressed in all parts of pyloric metaplasia, also known as the ulcer-associated cell lineage (UACL), a metaplastic cell lineage suggested to play a role in wound healing in Crohn's disease (CD). We further show NGAL expression in regenerative intestinal crypts and in undifferentiated patient-derived colonoids.

Expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the gut in Crohn's disease.

The antimicrobial glycoprotein neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is strongly expressed in several infectious, inflammatory and malignant disorders, among these inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal and serum NGAL is elevated during active IBD and we have recently shown that fecal NGAL is a novel biomarker for IBD with a test performance comparable to the established fecal biomarker calprotectin. This study examines expression of NGAL in the healthy gut and in Crohn's disease (CD), with emphasis on the previously unexplored small intestine.

Fecal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aim: Accurate, noninvasive biomarkers are needed to diagnose and monitor inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as lipocalin 2, is expressed in inflamed colonic epithelium and neutrophilic granulocytes. This study explores its properties as a biomarker in feces and plasma and, for the first time, compares fecal NGAL systematically with the existing fecal biomarker calprotectin.