The new social landscape: Relationships among social media use, social skills, and offline friendships from age 10-18 years.

Social media has created a new social landscape for adolescents. Knowledge is needed on how this landscape shapes adolescents' social skills and time spent with friends, as these outcomes are important to mental health and psychosocial functioning. Using five waves of biennially collected data from a birth cohort assessed throughout age 10-18 years (n = 812), we found that increased social media use predicted more time with friends offline but was unrelated to future changes in social skills.

Childhood predictors of avoidant personality disorder traits in adolescence: a seven-wave birth cohort study.

Background: Although it is widely assumed that avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) originates in childhood, there is little prospective research to substantiate this claim. We therefore aimed to determine whether presumed childhood risk factors predict AvPD traits at 16 years.

Methods: A population-based sample (n = 1,077; 50.

Emotions or cognitions first? Longitudinal relations between executive functions and emotion regulation in childhood.

Executive functions and emotion regulation develop from early childhood to adolescence and are predictive of important psychosocial outcomes. However, despite the correlation between the two regulatory capacities, whether they are prospectively related in school-aged children remains unknown, and the direction of effects is uncertain. In this study, a sample drawn from two birth cohorts in Norway was biennially examined between the ages of 6 and 14 (n = 852, 50.

Validation of the adult eating behavior questionnaire in a Norwegian sample of adolescents.

Eating behaviors are related to health and well-being. To examine stability and change in eating behaviors throughout life, developmentally appropriate measures capturing the same eating behavior dimensions are needed. The newly developed Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) builds on the well-established parent-reported Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), and together with the corresponding Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ), these questionnaires cover all ages.

Reciprocal relations between interparental aggression and symptoms of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: a seven-wave cohort study of within-family effects from preschool to adolescence.

Background: Interparental aggression is believed to increase the risk of behavioral disorders in offspring, and offspring behavioral problems may forecast interparental aggression. However, these assumptions have yet to be put to a strong test. This study, therefore, examined whether increased interparental aggression predicted increased symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) from preschool to adolescence and vice versa.

Social media behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A four-wave cohort study from age 10-16 years.

Background: Concerns have been raised that social media use causes mental health problems in adolescents, but findings are mixed, and effects are typically small. The present inquiry is the first to measure diagnostically-defined symptoms of depression and anxiety, examining whether changes in social media behavior predict changes in levels of symptoms from age 10 to 16, and vice versa. We differentiate between activity related to one's own vs.

Development of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder from preschool to adolescence: the role of bullying victimization and emotion regulation.

Background: Childhood oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with adverse outcomes which can continue to impair life well into adulthood. Identifying modifiable etiological factors of ODD is therefore essential. Although bullying victimization and poor emotion regulation are assumed to be risk factors for the development of ODD symptoms, little research has been conducted to test this possibility.

Social skills and symptoms of anxiety disorders from preschool to adolescence: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Prior research, mostly cross-sectional or prospective studies with short follow-up periods, has indicated that childhood anxiety is associated with difficulties with social interaction. However, the etiological role of social skills in the development of anxiety in childhood remains unknown. Moreover, it is not known whether childhood anxiety impedes the development of age-appropriate social skills.

Relations between physical activity, sedentary time, and body fat from childhood to adolescence: Do they differ by sex?

Background: Efforts to reveal the direction of influence between physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST) and body fat in youth have produced inconsistent results, possibly due to a lack of adjustment for confounders and other factors. Sex-specific associations have rarely been studied.

Methods: A sample from two Norwegian birth cohorts (n = 809) were followed biennially over five waves from the age of 6-14 years.

The prospective relation between eating behaviors and BMI from middle childhood to adolescence: A 5-wave community study.

Some eating behaviors are associated with increased risk of childhood obesity and are thus potential targets for obesity prevention. However, longitudinal research, especially on older children and adolescents, is needed to substantiate such a claim. Using data from a representative birth cohort of Norwegian children followed up biennially from age 6 to age 14 (analysis sample: n = 802), we tested if change in eating behaviors predicts increased body mass index (BMI) throughout childhood and adolescence, or if it is the other way around; higher BMI predicting more obesogenic eating.

Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood.

Background: Malfunctioning of executive functions correlates with psychopathology in children. However, the directionality, the extent to which the relation varies for various disorders, and whether prospective relations afford causal interpretations are not known.

Methods: A community sample of Norwegian children (n = 874) was studied biennially from the age of 6 to 14 years.

Parental personality disorder symptoms and children's social skills: a prospective community study.

Acquiring age-appropriate social skills, arguably a major prerequisite for favorable psychosocial development in children, is targeted in a range of interventions. Hence, identifying factors that limit this acquisition may inform preventative and treatment efforts. Personality disorders are characterized by pervasive and enduring dysfunctional interpersonal functioning, including parenting, and could thus entail risk for offspring in not developing adaptive interpersonal skills.

Rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps is associated with poorer health-related quality of life in COPD.

Rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (RSsNP) is prevalent in COPD. Previous studies on its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have limitations, and RSsNP is currently not recognized as a comorbidity. This study investigates HRQoL in COPD including a focus on RSsNP.

Predictors of diagnostically defined insomnia in child and adolescent community samples: a literature review.

Diagnostically defined insomnia is prevalent, persistent, and associated with a range of negative outcomes in childhood and adolescence. To inform prevention and treatment, we need to identify relevant predictors that can be addressed in such intervention efforts. Therefore, a systematic search for longitudinal studies involving child and adolescent samples (ages 4 to 19) examining predictors of diagnostically defined insomnia adjusted for previous insomnia was conducted.

Child and family predictors of insomnia from early childhood to adolescence.

Background: Insomnia is prevalent among children and adolescents and is associated with a wide range of negative outcomes. Knowledge about its determinants is therefore important, but due to the lack of longitudinal studies, such knowledge is limited. The aim of the present inquiry is to identify child and family predictors of future pediatric insomnia within a psycho-bio-behavioral framework.

Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders and symptoms from preschool to adolescence: a 6-wave community study.

Background: The rate of various anxiety disorders in early childhood and whether they continue into middle childhood or adolescence is not known. We therefore report on the prevalence and stability of DSM-5-defined anxiety disorders and their symptoms, capturing the period from preschool to adolescence.

Methods: By means of interviewer-based clinical interviews, anxiety was measured in a sample of Norwegian children at six measurement points from age 4 to 14 (n = 1,041).

Shared genetic architecture underlying sleep and weight in children.

Meta-analyses suggest shorter sleep as a risk factor for obesity in children. The prevailing hypothesis is that shorter sleep causes obesity by impacting homeostatic processes. Sleep duration and adiposity are both heritable, and the association may reflect shared genetic aetiology.

Persistent Short Sleep from Childhood to Adolescence: Child, Parent and Peer Predictors.

Purpose: Many children have periods when they sleep too little, with widely recognized detrimental effects. Less is known about persistent short sleep during childhood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of persistent short sleep in school-aged children and identify a set of child, parent, and peer predictors thereof.

The association between childhood adiposity and appetite assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify associations between Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) appetitive traits (food approach: Food Responsiveness [FR], Enjoyment of Food [EF], Emotional Overeating [EOE], and Desire to Drink [DD]; food avoidant: Satiety Responsiveness [SR], Slowness in Eating [SE], Emotional Undereating [EUE], Food Fussiness [FF]) and measures of child adiposity. Searches of six databases up to February 2019 identified 72 studies (CEBQ, n = 67; BEBQ, n = 5), and 27 met the meta-analysis criteria. For cross-sectional studies reporting unadjusted correlations with body mass index z-scores (BMIz) (n = 19), all traits were associated with BMIz in expected directions (positive: FR, EF, EOE, and DD; negative: SR, SE, EUE, and FF).

The co-occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: prospective relations or common causes?

Background: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is highlighted as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Some studies indicate that IGD appears comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. We examine concurrent and prospective links between symptoms of IGD and symptoms of common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence to determine whether observed comorbidity is a result of (a) reciprocal relations or (b) common underlying causes.

Prevalence and stability of insomnia from preschool to early adolescence: a prospective cohort study in Norway.

Background: There is limited knowledge about the prevalence and stability of insomnia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We therefore provide such estimates from preschool to early adolescence and explore potential sex differences.

Methods: We followed a representative community sample (n=1037) biennially from 4 to 14 years of age (2007-2017).

Temperament as a predictor of eating behavior in middle childhood - A fixed effects approach.

Background: Individual differences in temperament are believed to influence the development of children's eating behavior. This hypothesis has predominantly been tested in cross-sectional designs and important confounders such as genetics and stable parenting factors have not been accounted for. The present study aims to establish more clearly than previous studies if temperament is involved in the etiology of eating behavior in middle childhood.

Prevalence and stability of insufficient sleep measured by actigraphy: a prospective community study.

Background: It is well established that reduced sleep has detrimental effects on school-aged children's functioning, but the prevalence and stability of objectively measured insufficient sleep throughout childhood is unknown.

Methods: A sample of 799 children was followed biennially with 24-h 7-day accelerometer (hip-placed) measurements from ages 6 to 12 years. Insufficient sleep was conceptualized as sleeping <7 h on average (AIS) and as the number of nights with <7 h of sleep (NNIS).