Predicting CTLA4 expression and prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma using a pathomics signature of histopathological images and machine learning.

Background: CTLA4, an immune checkpoint, plays an important role in tumor immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was to develop a pathomics signature to evaluate CTLA4 expression and predict clinical outcomes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients.

Methods: A total of 354 patients from the TCGA-KIRC dataset were enrolled in this study.

Multimodal Investigation of Deep Gray Matter Nucleus in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Clinical Correlations: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis Study.

Deep gray matter (DGM) nucleus are involved in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and are strongly associated with clinical symptoms. We used machine learning approach to further explore microstructural alterations in DGM of MS patients. One hundred and fifteen MS patients and seventy-one healthy controls (HC) underwent brain MRI.

Dual-energy CT of the pancreas: comparison between virtual non-contrast images and true non-contrast images in the detection of pancreatic lesion.

Purpose: To evaluate the image quality and diagnostic performance for pancreatic lesion between true non-contrast (TNC) and virtual non-contrast (VNC) images obtained from the dual-energy computed tomography (DECT).

Methods: One hundred six patients with pancreatic mass underwent contrast-enhanced DECT examinations were retrospectively included in this study. VNC images of the abdomen were generated from late arterial (aVNC) and portal (pVNC) phases.

Diffusion kurtosis imaging and diffusion tensor imaging parameters applied to white matter and gray matter of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.

Objectives: To compare parameters of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to evaluate which can better describe the microstructural changes of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis patients and to characterize the non-Gaussian diffusion patterns of the whole brain and their correlation with neuropsychological impairments in these patients.

Materials And Methods: DTI and DKI parameters were measured in 57 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 42 healthy controls. Voxel-based analysis was used to evaluate group differences between white matter and gray matter separately.

Dual-energy CT with virtual monoenergetic images and iodine maps improves tumor conspicuity in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the value of monoenergetic images (MEI [+]) and iodine maps in dual-source dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for assessing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including the visually isoattenuating PDAC.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 75 PDAC patients, who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT examinations. Conventional polyenergetic image (PEI) and 40-80 keV MEI (+) (10-keV increments) were reconstructed.

Clinical Variables, Deep Learning and Radiomics Features Help Predict the Prognosis of Adult Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Early: A Two-Center Study in Southwest China.

Objective: To develop a fusion model combining clinical variables, deep learning (DL), and radiomics features to predict the functional outcomes early in patients with adult anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in Southwest China.

Methods: From January 2012, a two-center study of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was initiated to collect clinical and MRI data from acute patients in Southwest China. Two experienced neurologists independently assessed the patients' prognosis at 24 moths based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (good outcome defined as mRS 0-2; bad outcome defined as mRS 3-6).

Reproducibility and feasibility of optic nerve diffusion MRI techniques: single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI), readout-segmented EPI, and reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging.

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an essential technique for optic nerve diseases. However, the image quality of optic nerve DWI is decreased by the distortions and artifacts associated with conventional techniques. In order to establish this method as a critical tool in optic nerve diseases, reproducibility and feasibility of new technical and conventional approaches of DWI need to be systematically investigated.

ANGPTL4 negatively regulates the progression of osteosarcoma by remodeling branched-chain amino acid metabolism.

Angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4), a secreted glycoprotein that is mainly known as a regulator in lipid metabolism, now, is also indicated to be involved in the regulation of cancer progression and metastasis. However, little is known about not only biological functions, but also underlying mechanism of ANGPTL4 in the progression of osteosarcoma (OS). Here, we discovered that ANGPTL4 is downregulated in OS, and is associated with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism.

Dual-energy CT with virtual monoenergetic images to improve the visualization of pancreatic supplying arteries: the normal anatomy and variations.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a malignancy with poor prognosis, appropriate surgical resection and neoadjuvant therapy depend on the accurate identification of pancreatic supplying arteries. We aim to evaluate the ability of monoenergetic images (MEI [+]) of dual-energy CT (DECT) to improve the visualization of pancreatic supplying arteries compared to conventional polyenergetic images (PEI) and investigate the implications of vascular variation in pancreatic surgery and transarterial interventions.

Results: One hundred patients without pancreatic diseases underwent DECT examinations were retrospectively enrolled in this study.

pH-Responsive Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide Self-Supplying Nanosystem for Photodynamic and Chemodynamic Therapy of Wound Infection.

The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been continuously explored in the antibacterial aspect and has achieved more effective antibacterial effect than a single therapy. We design a pH-responsive O and HO self-supplying zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanosystem for PDT/CDT of wound infection. Under the acidic inflammatory conditions, ZIF-67 can degrade to produce Co and release CaO and graphene quantum dots (GQDs).

The ultrafast, high-pitch turbo FLASH mode of third-generation dual-source CT: Effect of different pitch and corresponding SFOV on image quality in a phantom study.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different pitches and corresponding scan fields of view (SFOVs) on the image quality in the ultrafast, high-pitch turbo FLASH mode of the third-generation dual-source CT using an anthropomorphic phantom.

Methods: The phantom was scanned using the ultrafast, high-pitch turbo FLASH protocols of the third-generation dual-source CT with the different pitches and corresponding SFOVs (pitches: 1.55 to 3.

Demyelination and remyelination detected in an alternative cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying demyelination and remyelination with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an alternative cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty mice were divided into six groups (n = 10, each), and these groups were imaged with 7.

Optic radiations are thinner and show signs of iron deposition in patients with long-standing remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis: an enhanced T-weighted angiography imaging study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate iron deposition and thickness and signal changes in optic radiation (OR) by enhanced T-weighted angiography imaging (ESWAN) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with unilateral and bilateral lesions or no lesions.

Methods: Fifty-one RRMS patients (42 patients with a disease duration [DD] ≥ 2 years [group Mor], nine patients with a DD < 2 years [group Les]) and 51 healthy controls (group Con) underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ESWAN at 3.0 T.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating osteomyelitis from acute neuropathic arthropathy in the complicated diabetic foot.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating osteomyelitis from acute neuropathic arthropathy in the diabetic foot.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 30 diabetic foot patients, with a mean age of 51 years. The patients all underwent clinical examinations, laboratory examinations and DCE-MRI.

Facial nerve schwannomas: A case series with an analysis of imaging findings.

Facial nerve schwannomas (FNSs) are rare benign tumors arising from the Schwann cells of the sheath of the facial nerve. These tumors may arise anywhere along the course of the facial nerve. Owing to their rarity and nonspecific clinical and radiological presentations, the preoperative diagnosis of FNSs is exceedingly difficult.

Iron deposition in the gray matter in patients with relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study using three-dimensional (3D)-enhanced T2*-weighted angiography (ESWAN).

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the iron content by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinic correlation in patients with relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) over a two-year period.

Methods: Thirty RRMS patients and 30 healthy control subjects were examined twice, two years apart, by undergoing brain conventional MRI and three-dimensional (3D)-enhanced T2*-weighted angiography (ESWAN) sequences at 3.0T.