Outcomes of first emergency admissions for alcohol-related liver disease in England over a 10-year period: retrospective observational cohort study using linked electronic databases.

Objectives: To examine time trends in patient characteristics, care processes and case fatality of first emergency admission for alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) in England.

Design: National population-based, retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Clinical Practice Research Datalink population of England, 2008/2009 to 2017/2018.

Socioeconomic disadvantage and engagement with digital contact tracing for COVID-19 in Western Sydney: A secondary analysis of surveillance data.

Objective: COVID-19 outcomes were highly inequitably distributed in Australia and worldwide. The digitalisation of public health interventions offers resource-efficiency and increased capacity for pandemic responses, but risks excluding the elderly and disadvantaged, reinforcing existing inequalities. Despite this, there has been little evaluation of the determinants of uptake of digital contact tracing.

Recommendations for fluid management of adults with sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of guidelines.

Background: Sepsis guidelines are widely used in high-income countries and intravenous fluids are an important supportive treatment modality. However, fluids have been harmful in intervention trials in low-income countries, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the relevance, quality and applicability of available guidelines for the fluid management of adult patients with sepsis in this region.

Reducing variation in hospital mortality for alcohol-related liver disease in North West England.

Background: Variations in emergency care quality for alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) have been highlighted.

Aim: To determine whether introduction of a regional quality improvement (QI) programme was associated with a reduction in potentially avoidable inpatient mortality.

Method: Retrospective observational cohort study using hospital administrative data spanning a 1-year period before (2014/2015) and 3 years after a QI initiative at seven acute hospitals in North West England.

A true orthotopic gastric cancer murine model using electrocoagulation.

Background: Orthotopic mouse models of human gastric cancer represent an important in vivo tool for testing chemotherapeutic agents and for studying intraluminal factors. Currently, orthotopic mouse models of gastric cancer require an operative procedure involving either injection or implantation of tumor cells in stomach layers. The resultant tumor does not grow from the stomach's mucosal surface, so it does not mimic the human disease process.

Transvesical NOTES: survival study in porcine model.

Background And Objectives: The optimal access route and method for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has not been established. A transvesical approach, with its low rate of peritoneal contamination, is an effective clean portal of entry, but a safe urinary bladder closure has been a challenge. We developed a new technique for a safe, pure transvesical NOTES approach.

Clinicopathological significance of the expression of estrogen receptor-beta and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in colorectal cancer.

Estrogen-receptor-beta (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) have been implicated in colorectal cancer. However, the clinicopathological significance of any expression of these markers remains unclear. Immunohistochemical assays of ERα, ERβ, PR, and VEGF-A were performed on 72 colorectal cancer cases.

Intratumoral acetic acid injection eradicates human prostate cancer tumors in a murine model.

Introduction: To treat localized prostate cancer without substantial morbidity, an ideal treatment would be an effective local therapy with minimal morbidity. Direct injections have been used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia without major complications, but in limited cases. We evaluated the local oncotoxic effects of acetic acid in a prostate cancer xenograft murine model.

A novel nonoperative orthotopic colorectal cancer murine model using electrocoagulation.

Background: Orthotopic mouse models of human colorectal cancer represent an important in vivo tool for testing chemotherapeutic agents and studying intraluminal factors that may alter the growth of cancers. Currently the orthotopic mouse models of colorectal cancer require either an operative procedure or creation of colitis to implant the cancer cells in rectum. We have developed a nonoperative, minimally invasive technique to create a true orthotopic colon cancer mouse model.

Topical gentamicin does not provide any additional anastomotic strength when combined with fibrin glue.

Background: We evaluated the effect of a combination of fibrin sealant and topical gentamicin on a colonic anastomosis in a rat model.

Methods: Partial anastomosis in the transverse colon was performed in 70 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 to 10 weeks using 5 interrupted sutures. The rats were divided into 4 groups (control, gentamicin, fibrin glue, and combination).

Protective effect of methylprednisolone on warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in a cholestatic rat liver.

Background: Cholestasis has been identified as a risk factor for oxidative stress, and it potentially enhances after ischemic-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of methylprednisolone on warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in the presence of cholestasis.

Methods: A reversible cholestatic rat model was created.

The use of polyacrylamide gel in soft-tissue augmentation: an experimental assessment.

Background: An increasing number of soft-tissue filler substances that lack experimental and clinical data have been introduced into plastic surgery practice outside the United States. One of these substances is polyacrylamide gel. It contains 2.

Expression of interferon receptors in pancreatic cancer: identification of a novel prognostic factor.

Objectives: Interferons (IFNs) are known to have antiproliferative and immunoregulatory activities that are modulated through specific cellular-surface ligands, known as IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma receptors. The presence of these receptors and their impact on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer has not been determined.

Methods: Slides were prepared from 46 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

The effect of gradually increased blood flow on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidney.

Background: Gradually increased blood flow to the ischemic rat kidney was studied to assess the ability to diminish ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods: The left renal artery and vein were isolated in 25 rats. Microclamps were applied for 45 minutes and were released at once (group II) or gradually (group III).

Gangliocytic paraganglioma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.

Background: Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare neoplasm involving the small intestine, stomach, and spinal cord. Ovarian gangliocytic paraganglioma has not been reported in the medical literature.

Case: A 55-year-old caucasian woman underwent exploratory laparotomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for evaluation of a persistent right adnexal mass.

Easy tissue expansion of prelaminated mucosa-lined flaps for cheek reconstruction in a canine model.

In head and neck reconstruction, there is sometimes the need for a skin flap lined with mucosa. The object of this study was to determine whether small pieces of mucosa grafted onto the undersurface of a skin flap can be expanded in a reasonable time to provide the material required to reconstruct a full-thickness cheek defect as a free flap. The study consisted of two phases: prelamination and expansion of the flap, and vascularized free-tissue transfer of the flap.

Molecular markers in Paget disease of the breast.

Background And Objectives: Molecular markers are increasingly being analyzed in tumor specimens because of their relevance to both prognosis and choice of therapy. Paget disease of the breast is an uncommon form of breast cancer, in which molecular markers have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of c-erbB-2, p53, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, estrogen receptors (ER), and progesterone receptors (PR) in mammary Paget disease.

A comparison of the biocompatibility of three absorbable hemostatic agents in the rat middle ear.

Absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) has been used for many years in middle ear surgery. Although the sponge is generally well tolerated, fibrosis occasionally forms in the mesotympanum; some studies indicated that the absorbable gelatin sponge may be responsible. Many of these studies lack statistical analysis.

Possible association of acute inflammatory exudate in chorioamnionitis and amniotic squamous metaplasia.

Reported is a case of placental chorioamnionitis in which a dramatic absence of focal inflammatory response is observed in areas of local squamous metaplasia of the amnion. The authors do not think this observation has been reported in the literature. They describe their search to find a repeat occurrence and discuss possible implications of this finding.

Tissue ferritin concentration and prognosis in carcinoma of the breast.

Seven year follow-up data were available on 36 of 40 breast carcinoma patients in whom breast tissue ferritin concentrations at the time of surgery were known. 18 patients were alive and free of recurrence or second tumor (Group 1) and 11 died with breast cancer (Group 2). Patients with lower tissue ferritin concentrations defined as less than 319 ng/mcp (nanograms of ferritin/milligram of cytosol protein) were at reduced risk: 86% of patients with low tissue ferritin concentration survived free of recurrence or second tumor vs.

Tissue ferritin concentration in carcinoma of the breast.

Ferritin concentration was measured in cytosol extracts of 44 mammary carcinomas and 14 benign breast tissues. A six-fold difference was observed (mean, 364.6 +/- 223.

Age-dependent pathogenicity of group B coxsackieviruses in Swiss-Webster mice: infectivity for myocardium and pancreas.

Coxsackieviruses B1-B4 were inoculated intraperitoneally into 48-hr-old, 14-day-old, and three- to five-month-old Swiss-Webster mice. Immediate death occurred only among mice less than 48 hr old, which died from fulminant encephalitis. Older mice usually survived.

Coxsackievirus B4 myocarditis in mice: valvular changes in virus-infected and control animals.

Suckling, weanling, and adult HaM/ICR and Swiss-Webster mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the TC631 and Dowell strains of coxsackievirus B4. Vero cell-inoculated and uninoculated control mice were also studied under code. An intense, necrotizing myopericarditis was produced in suckling mice; it was less severe in weanlings.