A statistical approach for interplanar spacing metrology at a relative uncertainty below 10 using scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Atomic-scale metrology in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows to measure distances between individual atomic columns in crystals and is therefore an important aspect of their structural characterization. Furthermore, it allows to locally resolve strain in crystals and to calibrate precisely the pixel size in STEM. We present a method dedicated to the evaluation of interplanar spacing (d-spacing) based on an algorithm including curve fitting of processed high-angle annular dark-field STEM (HAADF STEM) signals.

Enhanced Nonlinear Response by Manipulating the Dirac Point at the (111) LaTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Interface.

Tunable spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is an important feature for future spin-based devices. In the presence of a magnetic field, SOI induces an asymmetry in the energy bands, which can produce nonlinear transport effects (V∼I^{2}). Here, we focus on such effects to study the role of SOI in the (111) LaTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface.

Two-component nematic superconductivity in 4Hb-TaS.

Most superconductors have an isotropic, single component order parameter and are well described by the standard (BCS) theory for superconductivity. Unconventional, multiple-component superconductors are exceptionally rare and are much less understood. Here, we combine scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved macroscopic transport for studying the candidate chiral superconductor, 4Hb-TaS.

Persistent Supercooled Drizzle at Temperatures below -25°C Observed at McMurdo Station, Antarctica.

The rarity of reports in the literature of brief and spatially limited observations of drizzle at temperatures below -20°C suggest that riming and other temperature-dependent cloud microphysical processes such as heterogeneous ice nucleation and ice crystal depositional growth prevent drizzle persistence in cold environments. In this study, we report on a persistent drizzle event observed by ground-based remote-sensing measurements at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. The temperatures in the drizzle-producing cloud were below -25°C and the drizzle persisted for a period exceeding 7.

Ferroelectric Exchange Bias Affects Interfacial Electronic States.

In polar oxide interfaces phenomena such as superconductivity, magnetism, 1D conductivity, and quantum Hall states can emerge at the polar discontinuity. Combining controllable ferroelectricity at such interfaces can affect the superconducting properties and sheds light on the mutual effects between the polar oxide and the ferroelectric oxide. Here, the interface between the polar oxide LaAlO and the ferroelectric Ca-doped SrTiO is studied by means of electrical transport combined with local imaging of the current flow with the use of scanning a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).

Outcomes after late reoperation in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: the impact of arrhythmia and arrhythmia surgery.

Background: We evaluated outcomes in patients requiring late reoperation after tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) repair to identify risk factors for arrhythmia and determine whether arrhythmia surgery decreased the risk of subsequent death or recurrent arrhythmia.

Methods: Review was performed of all ToF patients from 1969 to 2005 undergoing reoperation late (> 1 year) after repair. Patients with associated lesions, except pulmonary atresia, were included.

Production of fibrogenic cytokines by interleukin-2-treated peripheral blood leukocytes: expression of transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor B chain genes.

Objective: To assess the production of fibrogenic cytokines by interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes and to examine their ability to stimulate the production of connective tissue.

Methods: Culture medium from human peripheral blood leukocytes incubated with or without IL-2 was tested for induction of fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and expression of cytokine genes.

Results: Supernatants from IL-2-treated peripheral blood leukocytes induced six times more fibroblast proliferation than medium from leukocytes cultured without IL-2.

Prepubertal yolk sac testicular tumors--report of the testicular tumor registry.

In 1980 the Section on Urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics established a registry of prepubertal testicular tumors. A total of 181 yolk sac tumors has been reported to the registry. Complete followup is available for 154 of these 181 patients.

Gonadal stromal tumors: a report of the Prepubertal Testicular Tumor Registry.

A total of 15 gonadal stromal tumors in prepubertal boys has been reported to the Prepubertal Testicular Tumor Registry of the Section on Urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Leydig cell tumors invariably are benign and patients usually present with precocious puberty when they are 5 to 9 years old. Other gonadal stromal tumors either present in infancy as a scrotal mass and exhibit a benign behavior or occur later in childhood and may be malignant.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis with hydronephrosis as a complication of the Dwyer procedure.

The first reported urological complication of Dwyer Instrumentation for scoliosis is presented. This patient demonstrated ureteral obstruction secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis temporally associated with this procedure. Routine IVP following surgery is recommended for early detection of urinary complication.

Penile metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma.

A case of secondary penile carcinoma originating in the lung is reported. Modes of metastases to the penis, treatment, prognosis, and a brief review of the literature are given.

Bedside sphincterometry.

We describe the use of a simple bedside sphinctermometer which has proved valuable and reliable in the practical evaluation and management of those patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.