Rational Design of Pectin-Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Nanoparticles for Enhanced Temozolomide Delivery in Brain Tumor Therapy.

Conventional chemotherapeutic approaches currently used for brain tumor treatment have low efficiency in targeted drug delivery and often have non-target toxicity. Development of stable and effective drug delivery vehicles for the most incurable diseases is one of the urgent biomedical challenges. We have developed polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with improved temozolomide (TMZ) delivery for promising brain tumor therapy, performing a rational design of polyelectrolyte complexes of oppositely charged polysaccharides of cationic chitosan and anionic pectin.

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Cell Culture and Investigation of the Specificities of Their Biogenesis.

Over recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), commonly termed exosomes, have gained prominence for their potential as natural nanocarriers. It has now been recognized that plants also secrete EVs. Despite this discovery, knowledge about EV biogenesis in plant cell cultures remains limited.

Biosynthesis of Functional Silver Nanoparticles Using Callus and Hairy Root Cultures of .

This study delves into the novel utilization of cultured cells for extracellular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis without the need for additional substances. The presence of elemental silver has been verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, while distinct surface plasmon resonance peaks were revealed by UV-Vis spectra. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the AgNPs, ranging in size from 10 to 40 nm, exhibited a spherical morphology.

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrogel Films and Nanoparticles Based on Low-Esterified Pectin for Anticancer Applications.

Prospective adjuvant anticancer therapy development includes the establishing of drug delivery systems based on biocompatible and biodegradable carriers. We have designed films and nanoparticles (NPs) based on low-esterified pectin hydrogel using the ionic gelation method. We investigated morphology, nanomechanical properties, biocompatibility and anticancer activity.

How to Develop Drug Delivery System Based on Carbohydrate Nanoparticles Targeted to Brain Tumors.

Brain tumors are the most difficult to treat, not only because of the variety of their forms and the small number of effective chemotherapeutic agents capable of suppressing tumor cells, but also limited by poor drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles are promising drug delivery solutions promoted by the expansion of nanotechnology, emerging in the creation and practical use of materials in the range from 1 to 500 nm. Carbohydrate-based nanoparticles is a unique platform for active molecular transport and targeted drug delivery, providing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a reduction in toxic side effects.

Preparation of Hydrogels Based on Modified Pectins by Tuning Their Properties for Anti-Glioma Therapy.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by low stiffness and predominance of carbohydrates on protein components, mediates limited cell proliferation and migration. Pectins are polysaccharides derived from plants and could be very promising for a tunable hydrogel design that mimics the neural ECM. Aiming to regulate gel structure and viscoelastic properties, we elaborated 10 variants of pectin-based hydrogels via tuning the concentration of the polymer and the number of free carboxyl groups expressed in the degree of esterification (DE).

Biosynthesis and Cytotoxic Properties of Ag, Au, and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Callus Culture Extract.

The present study reports a green chemistry approach for the rapid and easy biological synthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au), and bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles using the callus extract of as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized with ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results showed the formation of crystalline metal nanostructures of both spherical and non-spherical shape.

Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds in the Matrix of Polysaccharide Chitosan.

Data related to the fabrication of hybrid materials based on the polysaccharide chitosan were systematized and reviewed. The possibility of using chitosan as a "host" matrix for in situ synthesis of inorganic compounds for the preparation of various types of composite materials were investigated. Coprecipitation of metal oxides/hydroxides (Fe, Ni, Al, Zr, Cu and Mn) with chitosan was carried out through the alkalinization of solutions containing metal salts and chitosan, with the addition of ammonia or alkali solutions, homogeneous hydrolysis of urea, or electrophoretic deposition on the cathode.

Synthesis of bioactive silver nanoparticles using alginate, fucoidan and laminaran from brown algae as a reducing and stabilizing agent.

In this report, polysaccharides - alginate, fucoidan, laminaran - were isolated from marine algae Saccharina cichorioides and Fucus evanescens and their activity as a reducing and stabilizing agents in the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles was evaluated. The cytotoxic and antibacterial properties of obtained nanoparticles were also assessed. It was found that all tested polysaccharides could be used as a reducing agent; however, their catalytic activities varied significantly in the following range alginate < fucoidan < laminaran.

Chitosan Hydrogels and Bionanocomposites Formed through the Mineralization and Regulated Charging.

The account presents survey of our systematic studies on chitosan. Only this polysaccharide bears cationic charges, possesses antimicrobial activity and wound healing ability that make it highly appropriate for using in medicine, biomedical engineering, cosmetics, food, packaging. However, its application meets with severe limitation.

Hyperbranched polyglycerol hydrogels prepared through biomimetic mineralization.

Hyperbranched polyglycerols find increasing usage in biomedicine owing to their excellent biocompatibility like polysaccharides. To prepare hydrogels, they are cross-linked mainly by treating with toxic epoxy reagents. Here we suggest a one-stage nontoxic procedure for the jellification of aqueous solutions that was previously developed for nongelable polysaccharides.

[Application of xeno-spleen in treatment of purulent-septic complication].

In 22 patients with purulent-septic complications the extracorporal attaching of the xenolien cryopreserved sections was applied together with conventional therapy. Distinct reduction of the endogenic intoxication severity an the immune state of patients normalization were noted.

[Work conditions and morbidity of workers at plants manufacturing asbestos-technical products].

Significant role in the morbidity of asbestos-technical wares manufacturing mills workers play unfavorable conditions of labour (dusts of harmful chemicals, heavy manual operations and so on). The improvement of technology for the labour safety was recommended.

[Health status of workers in dye plants of instrument-making industries].

Up to now in dye-departments of instrument making industries there are no provisions for safe and harmless conditions that result in the increase of morbidity among workers. The prevailing forms in the pattern of diseases associated with temporary disability are those caused by adverse industrial factors. Health examinations identified symptoms of skin lesions, increased level of gynaecological pathology.

Methodological approaches to the evaluation of physical efforts during work (a review of soviet literature).

Present-day methods of evaluation of physical loads, widely used in laboratory studies and in industry and implemented by direct assessment and indirect determination of the amount of efforts made by the hand, are reported. The analysis of literary data testifies to the advisability of wide use of the methodological approach to the evaluation of efforts proposed by the authors which permits recording the efforts of the hand in N and differentiating them according to their application immediately at the time of work independent of the character of the manual instrument used as well as without using any instrument. The measuring of efforts, their amount, and duration, with the aid of the proposed method together with the evaluation of the functional state of the groups of muscles engaged in work, offers the possibility of revealing the causes of industrial fatigue and overstrain leading to pathological changes in the neuromuscular apparatus of the hands, of prognosticating occupational diseases both under the conditions of the actually existing processing equipment and at the stage of planning new technology and developing pilot production.

[Nature of postoperative treatment of patients with pancreas operations].

The work is devoted to the employment of a prolonged selective bringing of medical drugs to hepatopancreatoduodenal zone in complex with other methods of prophylactics and treatment of postoperative pancreatites in patients operated on the pancreas. The duration of staying the catheters in the celiac artery was 72-96 h at an average. Thanks to introduction of the method of selective therapy the amount of complications was decreased after planned operations on organs of the pancreatoduodenal zone by 12,6% and after operations for pancreatonecrosis by 19,5%.