Non-invasive assessment of HER2 expression in patients with urothelial carcinoma using [68Ga]Ga-HER2 affibody PET/CT imaging: preliminary clinical findings.

Purpose: Recently, novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody-drug conjugate therapies have shown remarkable efficacy in treating urothelial carcinoma, highlighting the growing need for comprehensive assessment of HER2 expression in tumors to identify patients who could benefit. However, non-invasive methods for assessing HER2 status in patients with urothelial carcinoma remain limited. This study aimed to preliminarily evaluate the clinical potential of [68Ga]Ga-HER2 affibody PET/CT for non-invasive assessment of HER2 expression in patients with urothelial carcinoma.

Leveraging small voxel with optimal acquisition time for [F]mFBG total-body PET/CT imaging in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma: a preliminary study.

Purpose: The advent of total-body PET/CT presents an opportunity for significant advancements in imaging of neuroblastoma with [F]meta-fluorobenzylguanidine ([F]mFBG). Small voxel imaging has proven to have better lesion detectability but need enough radioactivity counts. This study aims to balance shortened acquisition times and small voxel reconstruction to keep sufficient image quality and diagnostic confidence on [F]mFBG total-body PET for neuroblastoma.

Assessment of viable tumours by [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT after local regional treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for assessing viable tumours (VTs) after local regional treatment (LRT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The related imaging features of HCC after LRT are preliminarily discussed.

Methods: A cohort of 37 LRT patients with HCC (encompassing 51 lesions) was retrospectively included from a prospective parent study (ChiCTR2000039099), and sequential PET/CT using [F]FDG and [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 was performed.

The molar dose of FAPI administered impacts on the FAP-targeted PET imaging and therapy in mouse syngeneic tumor models.

Purpose: Since fibroblast activation protein (FAP), one predominant biomarker of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), is highly expressed in the tumor stroma of various epidermal-derived cancers, targeting FAP for tumor diagnosis and treatment has shown substantial potentials in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, in preclinical settings, tumor-bearing mice exhibit relatively low absolute FAP expression levels, leading to challenges in acquiring high-quality PET images using radiolabeled FAP ligands (FAPIs) with low molar activity, because of which a saturation effect in imaging is prone to happen. Moreover, how exactly the molar dose of FAPI administered to a mouse influences the targeted PET imaging and radiotherapy remains unclear now.

18F-5-fluoro-aminosuberic acid PET/CT imaging of oxidative-stress features during the formation of DEN-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma.

The role of oxidative stress metabolism during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation potentially allows for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of oxidative stress activity for early and precise HCC detection. However, there is currently limited data available on oxidative-stress-related PET imaging for longitudinal monitoring of the pathophysiological changes during HCC formation. This work aimed to explore PET-based longitudinal monitoring of oxidative stress metabolism and determine the sensitivity of [18F]-5-fluoroaminosuberic acid ([18F]FASu) for assessing pathophysiological processes in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat HCC.

Preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled tissue factor-targeted peptide for theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma post percutaneous ethanol injection.

Tissue factor (TF) initiates local blood clotting and infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages, leading to tumor recurrence post-local ablation. Our study addressed inefficient cancer cell killing and immunosuppressive macrophage infiltration after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the feasibility of F-radiolabeled polypeptide TF-targeted radioligand (tTF) as a PET tracer for assessing tumor response.

Ga-PSMA PET/CT and F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of prostatic ductal cancer.

Purposes: To explore the characteristics of PSMA PET/CT and FDG PET/CT images in prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DA) patients.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled prostatic DA patients with PET/CT scans at Tongji Hospital from 2018 to 2022. Patients with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (AA) and benign pathology (BP) were enrolled by 1:1 matching.

Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor resembling hepatic adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma on preoperative imaging: a case report.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa), an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm, arises from specialized perivascular epithelioid cells exhibiting distinct features of smooth muscle and melanocytic differentiation with unpredictable behavior. PEComa tends to occur more commonly in the uterus and kidneys; its occurrence in the liver is exceedingly rare. We presented a case of a 29-year-old woman with hepatic PEComa and evaluated the tumor with MRI, integrated F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT scans at presentation.

The remodeling of metabolic brain pattern in patients with extracranial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: Owing to the advances in diagnosis and therapy, survival or remission rates for lymphoma have improved prominently. Apart from the lymphoma- and chemotherapy-related somatic symptom burden, increasing attention has been drawn to the health-related quality of life. The application of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) has been routinely recommended for the staging and response assessment of FDG-avid lymphoma.

Prognostic Value of Somatostatin Receptor-Derived Volumetric Parameters from a Hybrid Standardized Uptake Value Thresholding Method in Patients with 68Ga-DOTATATE-Avid Stage IV Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Preliminary Study.

Introduction: The ability of PET/CT imaging to delineate neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and predict prognosis in affected patients is often compromised by substantial uptake heterogeneity. We hereby proposed a hybrid standardized uptake value (SUV) thresholding algorithm to extract volumetric parameters from somatostatin receptor (SSTR) PET/CT imaging and investigate their prognostic performance in patients with 68Ga-DOTATATE-avid stage IV NENs.

Methods: For 38 retrospectively enrolled patients, we used either fixed SUV thresholding of normal liver parenchyma (method A), 41% of the SUVmax for each lesion (method B), or a hybrid method (method A for liver metastases; fixed SUV threshold of normal bone for bone metastases; method B for primary tumors and other metastases) to quantify the whole-body SSTR-expressing tumor volume (SRETVwb) and total lesion SSTR expression (TLSREwb).

Inhibition of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Sensitizes [Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)-Mediated Radiotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed in many tumor types and constitutes a promising target for tumor-specific delivery of therapeutic radionuclides. [Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.

ISA-Net: Improved spatial attention network for PET-CT tumor segmentation.

Background And Objective: Achieving accurate and automated tumor segmentation plays an important role in both clinical practice and radiomics research. Segmentation in medicine is now often performed manually by experts, which is a laborious, expensive and error-prone task. Manual annotation relies heavily on the experience and knowledge of these experts.

Age-matched control or age-specific template, which is essential for voxel-wise analysis of cerebral metabolism abnormality in pediatric patients with epilepsy?

The aim of this study was to explore the influences of age-matched control and/or age-specific template on voxel-wise analysis of brain F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( F-FDG PET) data in pediatric epilepsy patients. We, retrospectively, included 538 pediatric (196 females; age range of 12 months to 18 years) and 35 adult subjects (18 females; age range of 20-50 years) without any cerebral pathology as pediatric and adult control group, respectively, as well as 109 pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (38 females; age range of 13 months to 18 years) as epilepsy group. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis for F-FDG PET data of each epilepsy patients was performed in four types of procedures, by using age-matched controls with age-specific template, age-matched controls with adult template, adult controls with age-specific template or adult controls with adult template.

Eliminating CT radiation for clinical PET examination using deep learning.

Clinical PET/CT examinations rely on CT modality for anatomical localization and attenuation correction of the PET data. However, the use of CT significantly increases the risk of ionizing radiation exposure for patients. We propose a deep learning framework to learn the relationship mapping between attenuation corrected (AC) PET and non-attenuation corrected (NAC) PET images to estimate PET attenuation maps and generate pseudo-CT images for medical observation.

Voxel-based analysis of the metabolic asymmetrical and network patterns in hypermetabolism-associated crossed cerebellar diaschisis.

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) has been widely investigated in patients with supratentorial hypometabolism, however, the available evidence about the metabolic feature of CCD in patients with contralateral supratentorial hypermetabolism is lacking. This study aimed to assess the metabolic asymmetrical profile, network pattern and predisposing factors for the hypermetabolism-associated CCD, by using voxel-based asymmetry index (AI) and brain network analyses. Seventy CCD positive (CCD+) and 99 CCD negative (CCD-) patients with unilateral supratentorial hypermetabolism were introduced.

Time point-independent tumor positivity of Ga-PSMA-PET/CT pre- and post-biopsy in high-risk prostate cancer.

Objective: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET/CT imaging has gained increasing clinical importance for the detection and staging of high-risk primary prostate cancer (PCa). However, it is unclear whether the routine practice of prostate biopsy obscures the image finding of PSMA-PET/CT. This study aimed to compare the tumor positivity rate of PSMA-PET/CT performed pre- (PSMA-PET/CT) and post-biopsy (PSMA-PET/CT) in high-risk PCa patients.

Positive FAPI PET/CT in a Bilateral Mammary Angiosarcoma Patient With Less Impressive FDG PET/CT Images.

Bilateral primary angiosarcoma of the breast is an extremely rare disease. We describe a case with bilateral angiosarcoma of the breast well visualized on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in a 30-year-old woman with a history of right breast-conserving surgery. However, the lesions are less impressive on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

A Novel Approach Using FDG-PET/CT-Based Radiomics to Assess Tumor Immune Phenotypes in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Tumor microenvironment immune types (TMITs) are closely related to the efficacy of immunotherapy. We aimed to assess the predictive ability of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT)-based radiomics of TMITs in treatment-naive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 103 patients with NSCLC who underwent F-FDG PET/CT scans.

Comparison of 18F-FDG, 68Ga-FAPI, and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in a Patient With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

We present image findings of 18F-FDG, 68Ga-FAPI, and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in a 35-year-old woman with multiple metastases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. The images of PET/CTs using 3 different tracers all showed multiple foci of increased activities in the liver and pancreas body, in which 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT displayed the highest tumor-to-liver ratios. However, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT detected more small metastatic lymph node and bone metastases, which were missed by both FDG and FAPI PET/CT.

Correlation Between Dual-Time-Point FDG PET and Tumor Microenvironment Immune Types in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Dual-time-point F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (DTP F-FDG PET), which reflects the dynamics of tumor glucose metabolism, may also provide a novel approach to the characterization of both cancer cells and immune cells within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). We investigated the correlations between the metabolic parameters (MPs) of DTP F-FDG PET images and the tumor microenvironment immune types (TMITs) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 91 patients with NSCLC who underwent preoperative DTP F-FDG PET/CT scans.

Bone Fragment Co-transplantation Alongside Bone Marrow Aspirate Infusion Protects Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Integration of non-vascularized bone grafting and bone marrow aspirate infusion in transplantation may provide clinical benefit. Here we have incorporated bone fragment co-transplantation and bone marrow aspirate infusion (BF-BM) into living kidney transplantation (LKT). Twenty LKT recipients receiving bone fragments and bone marrow aspirates donated from their corresponding donors were enrolled into a retrospective study.

LCPR-Net: low-count PET image reconstruction using the domain transform and cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks.

Background: Reducing the radiation tracer dose and scanning time during positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can reduce the cost of the tracer, reduce motion artifacts, and increase the efficiency of the scanner. However, the reconstructed images to be noisy. It is very important to reconstruct high-quality images with low-count (LC) data.