The burden of dengue and force of infection among children in Kerala, India; seroprevalence estimates from Government of Kerala-WHO Dengue study.

Background: Dengue shows high geographic heterogeneity within and across endemic countries. In the context of increasing burden and predicted outbreaks due to climate change, understanding the heterogeneity will enable us to develop region specific targeted interventions, including vaccination. World Health Organisation (WHO) suggests standard methodologies to study the burden and heterogeneity at national and subnational levels.

Efficacy of 2% lignocaine medicated pad for pain alleviation during rabies immunoglobulin administration: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) for animal bite victims is usually administered around the wound without the use of any anesthetic. Theoretically, the topical use of 2% lignocaine can reduce the pain during the procedure.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of 2% lignocaine medicated pad (LMP) for reducing pain during administration of RIG.