Identification and validation of a major QTL, QFhb-6AL, for Fusarium head blight resistance on chromosome 6AL in wheat.

A novel major QTL, QFhb-6AL, accounting for 34.6% phenotypic variation for FHB resistance, was identified in the Chinese cultivar Xunong 029, and a near-diagnostic marker was developed for marker-assisted selection. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Mapping and validation of QTkw.cau-3DL, a major QTL controlling thousand-kernel weight in wheat.

A novel major QTL, QTkw.cau-3DL, for thousand-kernel weight has been identified on the wheat chromosome arm 3DL and enhances grain yield by 6.2% under field conditions.

Impact of the Madden-Julian oscillation on boreal autumn surface ozone in Guangdong Province, China.

This study uses the Real-time Multivariate Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) index (RMM), along with meteorological data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets, to conduct a synthetic analysis of the MJO and surface ozone (O) concentration in Guangdong Province, southern China during the boreal autumn months (September-October-November, SON) from 2015 to 2023. The MJO is classified into strong MJO (S-MJO) and weak MJO (W-MJO) using a RMM amplitude threshold of 1. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between the intensity of the MJO, as indicated by the RMM index, and the SON surface O concentration in Guangdong Province over these nine years; specifically, the greater the MJO intensity, the higher the SON surface O concentration, whereas the smaller the MJO intensity, the lower the concentration.

Dual-target EZH2 inhibitor: latest advances in medicinal chemistry.

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, plays a crucial role in tumor progression by regulating gene expression. EZH2 inhibitors have emerged as promising anti-tumor agents due to their potential in cancer treatment strategies. However, single-target inhibitors often face limitations such as drug resistance and side effects.

Nanostructured High Entropy Alloys as Structural and Functional Materials.

Since their introduction in 2004, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical and functional properties. Advances in our understanding of atomic-scale ordering and phase formation in HEAs have facilitated the development of fabrication techniques for synthesizing nanostructured HEAs. These materials hold immense potential for applications in various fields including automobile industries, aerospace engineering, microelectronics, and clean energy, where they serve as either structural or functional materials.

Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to Infection in Wheat.

The outbreak of Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a serious threat to wheat production as it leads to both significant yield losses and accumulation of several mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grains, which are harmful to human and livestock. To date, hundreds of FHB-resistance-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been reported, but only a few of them have been cloned and used for breeding. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have been reported in plants to mediate host defense against pathogens, but they have rarely been reported in wheat-FHB interaction.

Soil quality and ecological benefits assessment of alpine desertified grassland following different ecological restoration measures.

Introduction: Soil quality plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth for restored grassland. However, few studies investigate the comprehensive effects considering soil and vegetation properties during the restoration of desertified grassland, which restrict the virtuous circle of restored grassland ecosystem.

Methods: By setting three restoration patterns of enclosure plus grass (EG), enclosure intercropping shrub-grass (ESG), and enclosure plus sand-barrier and shrub-grass (ESSG) with three different restoration years (≤5, 7-9, and ≥15 years), we selected 28 physicochemical and microbial indicators, and constructed a minimum data set (MDS) to analyze the influences of restoration measurements on soil quality and ecological benefits in alpine desertified grassland.

The Combination of Corona Discharge Plasma and ε-Polylysine for the Inactivation of Serratia liquefaciens.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mechanism of inactivation of Serratia liquefaciens by different treatments, namely corona discharge plasma (CDP), ε-polylysine (ε-PL), and corona discharge plasma combined with ε-polylysine (CDP plus ε-PL). The results showed that the combined treatment of CDP and ε-PL exhibited significant antibacterial effects. The total number of colonies of S.

Identification of Wheat in Response to as Potential Deoxynivalenol Trappers.

() can cause huge yield reductions and contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol (DON), and thus is one of the most problematic pathogen of wheat worldwide. Although great efforts have been paid and great achievements have been made to control the pathogens, there is still a wide gap for understanding the mechanism underlying resistance. Plant LACCASEs (LACs) catalyze the oxidative polymerization of monolignols by reinforcing cell-wall of various cell types to provide mechanical support, xylem sap transportation, and defense against pest and pathogens.

tRNA-derived fragments from wheat are potentially involved in susceptibility to Fusarium head blight.

Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal disease of wheat. The mechanism underlying F. graminearum-wheat interaction remains largely unknown.

Structural Effects of Gas Hydrate Antiagglomerant Molecules on Interfacial Interparticle Force Interactions.

Gas hydrate interparticle cohesive forces are important to determine the hydrate crystal particle agglomeration behavior and subsequent hydrate slurry transport that is critical to preventing potentially catastrophic consequences of subsea oil/gas pipeline blockages. A unique high-pressure micromechanical force apparatus has been employed to investigate the effect of the molecular structure of industrially relevant hydrate antiagglomerant (AA) inhibitors on gas hydrate crystal interparticle interactions. Four AA molecules with known detailed structures [quaternary ammonium salts with two long tails (R1) and one short tail (R2)] in which the R1 has 12 carbon (C12) and 8 carbon (C8) and saturated (C-C) versus unsaturated (C═C) bonding are used in this work to investigate their interfacial activity to suppress hydrate crystal interparticle interactions in the presence of two liquid hydrocarbons (-dodecane and -heptane).

The effect of surfactants on hydrate particle agglomeration in liquid hydrocarbon continuous systems: a molecular dynamics simulation study.

Anti-agglomerants (AAs), both natural and commercial, are currently being considered for gas hydrate risk management of petroleum pipelines in offshore operations. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the AAs and gas hydrate surfaces and the prevention of hydrate agglomeration remain critical and complex questions that need to be addressed to advance this technology. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the effect of model surfactant molecules (polynuclear aromatic carboxylic acids) on the agglomeration behaviour of gas hydrate particles and disruption of the capillary liquid bridge between hydrate particles.

Interfacial Properties and Mechanisms Dominating Gas Hydrate Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquid and Vapor Hydrocarbon Phases.

The interfacial properties and mechanisms of gas hydrate systems play a major role in controlling their interparticle and surface interactions, which is desirable for nearly all energy applications of clathrate hydrates. In particular, preventing gas hydrate interparticle agglomeration and/or particle-surface deposition is critical to the prevention of gas hydrate blockages during the exploration and transportation of oil and gas subsea flow lines. These agglomeration and deposition processes are dominated by particle-particle cohesive forces and particle-surface adhesive force.

High pressure micromechanical force measurements of the effects of surface corrosion and salinity on CH/CH hydrate particle-surface interactions.

In order to investigate the mechanism of gas hydrate deposition and agglomeration in gas dominated flowlines, a high-pressure micromechanical force (MMF) apparatus was applied to directly measure CH/CH hydrate adhesion/cohesion forces under low temperature and high pressure conditions. A CH/CH gas mixture was used as the hydrate former. Adhesion forces between hydrate particles and carbon steel (CS) surfaces were measured, and the effects of corrosion on adhesion forces were analyzed.