Efficient gene editing in the slow-growing, non-sporulating, melanized, endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 using a CRISPR/Cas9 system.

The endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 that was isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, is a proficient producer of palmarumycins, which are intriguing polyketides of the spirobisnaphthalene class. These compounds displayed a wide range of bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities.

Elucidation of Palmarumycin Spirobisnaphthalene Biosynthesis Reveals a Set of Previously Unrecognized Oxidases and Reductases.

Spirobisnaphthalenes (SBNs) are a class of highly oxygenated, fungal bisnaphthalenes containing a unique spiroketal bridge, that displayed diverse bioactivities. Among the reported SBNs, palmarumycins are the major type, which are precursors for the other type of SBNs structurally. However, the biosynthesis of SBNs is unclear.

A Genome-Wide Comparison of Rice False Smut Fungus Albino Strain LN02 Reveals the Genetic Diversity of Secondary Metabolites and the Cause of Albinism.

Rice false smut (RFS) caused by (anamorph: ) has become one of the most destructive fungal diseases to decrease the yield and quality of rice grains. An albino strain LN02 was isolated from the white RFS balls collected in the Liaoning Province of China in 2019. The strain LN02 was considered as a natural albino mutant of by analyzing its phenotypes, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) conserved sequence, and biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites.

Elucidation of ustilaginoidin biosynthesis reveals a previously unrecognised class of ene-reductases.

Ustilaginoidins are a type of mycotoxin featuring a dimeric naphtho-γ-pyrone skeleton, produced by the rice false smut pathogen . Here we used gene disruption, heterologous expression in , feeding experiments, and experiments to fully elucidate the biosynthesis of ustilaginoidins. A new route to dimeric 2,3-unsaturated naphtho-γ-pyrones dimerization of YWA1 (and 3-methyl YWA1) followed by dehydration was discovered.

Rhizovagine A, an unusual dibenzo-α-pyrone alkaloid from the endophytic fungus Nitaf22.

Rhizovagine A (1), a novel dibenzo-α-pyrone alkaloid with an unprecedented 5/5/6/6/6 fused pentacyclic skeleton, was isolated from the endophytic fungus Nitaf22. The structure was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, in combination with quantum chemical C NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations for configurational assignment. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 was proposed.

New chlamydosporol derivatives from the endophytic fungus Pleosporales sp. Sigrf05 and their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

Five new chlamydosporol derivatives, named pleospyrones A-E (1-5), together with one known congener (6), were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungus Pleosporales sp. Sigrf05, obtained from the medicinal plant Siraitia grosvenorii. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by analysis of the HRESIMS, and (1D, 2D) NMR data, while ECD and optical rotation calculations were used to assign the absolute configurations.

Chromone and isocoumarin derivatives from the endophytic fungus sp. Samif07, and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Five chromone derivatives, including 2,6-dimethyl-5-methoxyl-7-hydroxylchromone (), 6-hydroxymethyleugenin (), 6-methoxymethyleugenin (), chaetoquadrin D (), and isoeugenitol (), and three isocoumarin congeners, namely diaporthin (), 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin (), and 6-methoxymellein (), were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungus sp. Samif07 derived from the medicinal plant Bunge. Among them, compound was a new natural product.

Ustilaginoidin M, a new bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone from the fungus .

Ustilaginoidin M (), a novel bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone, was isolated from the cultures of the fungus which was the pathogen of rice false smut disease. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of its physical and spectroscopic data with the literature. Compound was tested for its cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines.

Rice Secondary Metabolites: Structures, Roles, Biosynthesis, and Metabolic Regulation.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop providing energy and nutrients for more than half of the world population. It produces vast amounts of secondary metabolites.