Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic associated fatty liver disease by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) combined with fatty liver is a subtype of metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and the relationship between T2DM and MAFLD is close and mutually influential. However, the connection and mechanisms between the two are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing both conditions.

Machine Learning-Assisted Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots as Fluorescent Sensor Array for Discrimination of Warfarin and Its Metabolites.

Warfarin (WAR), an effective oral anticoagulant, is of utmost importance in treating many diseases. Despite its significance, rapid and precise discrimination of WAR remains a formidable challenge, especially facing its structural analogs of metabolites. Here, three kinds of herb-derived N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) were greenly synthesized via a fast and simple microwave-assisted method.

Multi-omics analyzes of Rosa gigantea illuminate tea scent biosynthesis and release mechanisms.

Rose is an important ornamental crop cultivated globally for perfume production. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying scent production and molecular breeding for fragrance is hindered by the lack of a reference genome for tea roses. We present the first complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome of Rosa gigantea, with high quality (QV > 60), including detailed characterization of the structural features of repetitive regions.

Transcriptomic analysis and validation study of key genes and the HIF‑1α/HO‑1 pathway associated with ferroptosis in neutrophilic asthma.

Ferroptosis, as a unique form of cell death caused by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases of the airways. Inhibition of ferroptosis has become a novel strategy for reducing airway epithelial cell death and improving airway inflammation. The aim of the present study was to analyze and validate the key genes and signaling pathways associated with ferroptosis by bioinformatic methods combined with experimental analyzes and to aid the diagnosis and treatment of neutrophilic asthma.

Pre- and postoperative OCT features and surgical outcomes of advanced retinitis pigmentosa with macular hole: case series and literature review.

Background: Macular hole (MH) is a rare complication of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and has an adverse impact on residual visual function. At present, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and surgical experience is limited.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans in a cohort of eight eyes of seven RP patients with MH in order to report their OCT features and vitreoretinal surgical prognosis.

Research on the role of exosomes secreted by immortalized adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into pericytes in the repair of high glucose-induced retinal vascular endothelial cell damage.

Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of vision impairment, is marked by microvascular complications in the retina, including pericyte loss, a key indicator of early-stage disease. This study explores the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into pericyte-like cells in restoring the function of mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells damaged by high glucose conditions, thereby contributing to the understanding of early diabetic retinopathy intervention strategies. To induce immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into pericyte-like cells, the study employed pericyte growth supplement.

Analysis of care-seeking and diagnosis delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Beijing, China.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in China. Early detection and diagnosis of TB cases are crucial to interrupt disease transmission and prevent its progression. This study aims to describe the delay in seeking care and diagnosis among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and identify the influencing factors in two counties in Beijing.

PCIF1, the only methyltransferase of N6,2-O-dimethyladenosine.

N6-methyladenosine(m6A), is the most abundant post-transcriptional modification of mRNA in biology. When the first nucleotide after the m7G cap is adenosine, it is methylated at the N6 position to form N6,2-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am). m6Am is a reversible modification located at the first transcribed nucleotide, which is present in about 30% of cellular mRNAs, thus m6Am can have a significant impact on gene expression in the transcriptome.

Clinical Observations of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation Combined with Sacral Nerve Root Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Male Chronic Pelvic Pain and Chronic Prostatitis.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation combines sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis.

Methods: 60 male patients diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain syndrome or chronic prostatitis were analyzed in this study. Patients in the experimental group were treated with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (7 Hz) combined with sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation (5 Hz) whilst patients in the control group receiving treatment with only percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation.

Integrated metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis reveal candidate genes involved in the formation of yellow Nelumbo nucifera.

As a worldwide major ornamental flower and a edible plant, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is also used as medicine and tea beverage. Here, transcriptome and metabolites of yellow (MLQS) and white (YGB) lotus cultivars during five key flower coloration stages were profiled. 2014 differentially expressed genes were detected with 11 carotenoids in lotus were identified for the first time.

Pancreatic Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Lymphangiogenesis by Downregulating ABHD11-AS1 Expression.

Research on pancreatic cancer microbiomes has attracted attention in recent years. The current view is that enriched microbial communities in pancreatic cancer tissues may affect pancreatic cancer metastasis, including lymph node (LN) metastasis. Similar to carriers of genetic information between cells, such as DNA, mRNA, protein, and non-coding RNA, exosomes are of great importance in early LN metastasis in tumors, including pancreatic cancer.

RNA-Binding Proteins and Alternative Splicing Genes Are Coregulated in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells Treated with High Glucose.

To explore the relevant RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and alternative splicing events (ASEs) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). We devised a comprehensive work to integrate analyses of the differentially expressed genes, including differential RBPs, and variable splicing characteristics related to DR in human retinal endothelial cells induced by low glucose and high glucose in dataset GSE117238. A total of 2320 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1228 upregulated genes and 1092 downregulated genes.

Nattokinase Crude Extract Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth in Mice.

Nattokinase (NK, E.C. 3.

Determination of the Deacetylation Degree of Chitooligosaccharides.

The methods for determination of chitosan content recommended in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the European Pharmacopoeia are not applicable for evaluation of the extent of deacetylation (deacetylation degree, DD) in chitooligosaccharides (COS). This study explores two different methods for assessment of DD in COS having relatively high and low molecular weights: an acid-base titration with bromocresol green indicator and a first order derivative UV spectrophotometric method for assessment of DD in COS. The accuracy of both methods as a function of molecular weight was also investigated and compared to results obtained using ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

inhibition of lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid and pharmacokinetics of chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS).

Chitosan and capsaicin are compounds extracted from natural products and have been indicated to lower body weight and prevent fatty liver. However, their applications are limited by poor oral bioavailability, low compliance and some serious side effects. To solve these problems, we successfully prepared chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS) in previous study.

Formaldehyde impairs transepithelial sodium transport.

Unsaturated oxidative formaldehyde is a noxious aldehyde in cigarette smoke that causes edematous acute lung injury. However, the mechanistic effects of formaldehyde on lung fluid transport are still poorly understood. We examined how formaldehyde regulates human epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in H441 and expressed in Xenopus oocytes and exposed mice in vivo.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Enhances Alveolar Fluid Clearance by Upregulating the Expression of Epithelial Sodium Channels.

Vitamin D is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, acute lung injury, and other respiratory diseases. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), the hormonal form of vitamin D, has been shown to reduce vascular permeability and ameliorate lung edema. Therefore, we speculate that 1,25(OH)2D3 may regulate alveolar Na(+) transport via targeting epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC), a crucial pathway for alveolar fluid clearance.

Effects of chitosan and water-soluble chitosan micro- and nanoparticles in obese rats fed a high-fat diet.

Purpose: This study determined the effects of chitosan (CTS) and water-soluble chitosan (WSC) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Methods: THE RATS WERE RANDOMLY SEPARATED INTO EIGHT GROUPS: a normal diet group (the blank control), a high-fat emulsion group (the negative control), CTS and WSC control groups, CTS-MP and WSC-MP groups, and CTS-NP and WSC-NP groups. All groups (except the blank control group) were fed the high-fat diet for 4 weeks to establish the obesity model.