M13 bacteriophage based fluorescence immunoassay against food allergens of Ara h 3 and Mac i 1.

Food allergy is increasingly prevalent and poses notable health risks, which underscores the urgent need to develop reliable and sensitive detection methods for effective identification of food allergens. This study aims to address the limitations of existing methods by developing an immunoassay utilizing bacteriophage/carbon dots (CDs)@silica core-shell nanospheres. Two CDs with different emission wavelengths (513 nm for Green CDs, 645 nm for Red CDs) were synthesized for signal development and amplification.

Effects of Osmotic Dehydration on Mass Transfer of Tender Coconut Kernel.

Tender coconut water has been very popular as a natural beverage rich in various electrolytes, amino acids, and vitamins, and hence a large amount of tender coconut kernel is left without efficient utilization. To explore the possibility of making infused tender coconut kernel, we investigated the effects of two osmosis methods, including solid-state osmotic dehydration and liquid-state osmotic dehydration, as well as two osmosis agents such as sorbitol and sucrose, on the mass transfer of coconut kernel under solid-state osmotic dehydration conditions. The results showed that under the conditions of solid-state osmosis using sucrose and liquid-state osmosis using sucrose solution, the water diffusion coefficients were 9.

NKU FL1-8 Isolated from Infant Feces Ameliorates the Alcoholic Liver Damage by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier in C57BL/6J Mice.

Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term or heavy drinking, and it may further progress into alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Probiotic supplements have been suggested for the prevention or improvement of liver damage. This study was designed to consider the ameliorative effects of NKU FL1-8 isolated from infant feces against alcoholic liver damage.

Transmission characteristics in Tuberculosis by WGS: nationwide cross-sectional surveillance in China.

China, with the third largest share of global tuberculosis cases, faces a substantial challenge in its healthcare system as a result of the high burden of multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). This study employs a genomic epidemiological approach to assess recent tuberculosis transmissions between individuals, identifying potential risk factors and discerning the role of transmitted resistant isolates in the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China. We conducted a population-based retrospective study on 5052 (MTB) isolates from 70 surveillance sites using whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Nanobody-Based Electrochemical Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of Peanut Allergen Ara h 1.

Peanut is widely used for food supplementation with potential allergic reactions in infants and adults, which prompted the development of reliable and accurate detection of peanut allergens with emphasis on Ara h 1. In this study, a nanobody (Nb)-based micro-total electrochemical immunoassay (Nb-μTEI) was proposed to be generated. Generally, an alpaca was immunized with Ara h 1 to yield a Nb reservoir for selection of four specific Nbs.

Improved targeting of the 16S rDNA nanopore sequencing method enables rapid pathogen identification in bacterial pneumonia in children.

Objectives: To develop a rapid and low-cost method for 16S rDNA nanopore sequencing.

Methods: This was a prospective study on a 16S rDNA nanopore sequencing method. We developed this nanopore barcoding 16S sequencing method by adding barcodes to the 16S primer to reduce the reagent cost and simplify the experimental procedure.

Exploration of Specific Nanobodies As Immunological Reagents to Detect Milk Allergen of β-Lactoglobulin without Interference of Hydrolytic Peptides.

Milk proteins are widely used for food supplementation, despite the potential risk of food allergy, especially against β-lactoglobulin (BLG), which makes BLG surveillance critical. Possible interaction of detecting antibodies with BLG-derived peptides will result in unprecise inspection. Thus, in this study, it was proposed to generate nanobodies (Nbs) and validate the immunological detection of intact BLG rather than hydrolytic peptides.

Identification of Serum Ferritin-Specific Nanobodies and Development towards a Diagnostic Immunoassay.

Serum ferritin (SF) is an iron-rich protein tightly connected with iron homeostasis, and the variations are frequently observed in diseased states, including iron-deficiency anemia, inflammation, liver disease, and tumors, which renders SF level an indicator of potential malignancies in clinical practice. Nanobodies (Nbs) have been widely explored and developed into theranostic reagents. Surprisingly, no reports stated the identification of anti-SF Nbs, nor the potential of such Nbs as a diagnostic tool.

Identification and Characterization of Specific Nanobodies against Trop-2 for Tumor Targeting.

Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a tumor-associated antigen that is connected with the development of various tumors and has been identified as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. To date, the immunotherapy against Trop-2 mainly relies on the specific targeting by monoclonal antibody in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Alternatively, the single domain antibodies of nanobodies (Nbs) possesses unique properties such as smaller size, better tissue penetration, etc.

Versatile Application of Nanobodies for Food Allergen Detection and Allergy Immunotherapy.

The unique characteristics of camelid heavy-chain only antibody (HCAb) derived nanobodies (Nbs) have facilitated their employment as tools for research and application in extensive fields including food safety inspection, diagnosis and therapy of diseases, etc., to develop immune detecting techniques or alternative candidates of conventional antibodies as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. The wide application in the fields of food allergen inspection and immunotherapy has not been addressed as not much results published in the literature.

Monitoring of parathion methyl using a colorimetric gold nanoparticle-based acetylcholinesterase assay.

A colorimetric gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay was designed for the first time to measure the concentration of parathion-methyl (PM) in lake water samples. In this assay, the analyte PM inhibited the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) by AChE, preventing the formation of thiocholine (TCh) that would otherwise react with the AuNPs catalyst and deactivate the catalyst. Therefore, in the presence of PM, the AuNPs catalyzed the oxidation of the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) colorimetric indicator to oxTMB, inducing a visual color change from colorless to blue.

The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies.

The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000-2800 BC from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100-1700 BC from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early-Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry.

Selection of Specific Nanobodies against Lupine Allergen Lup an 1 for Immunoassay Development.

The declaration of lupine supplements is mandatory to avoid lupine allergy for sensitive individuals. However, reliable detection methods against lupine allergen remain critical to prevent the unintended consumption of allergen contaminated food. In this study, we have immunized an alpaca with lupine protein extracts and retrieved nanobodies (Nbs).

Ancient Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Extensive Genetic Influence of the Steppe Pastoralists in Western Xinjiang.

The population prehistory of Xinjiang has been a hot topic among geneticists, linguists, and archaeologists. Current ancient DNA studies in Xinjiang exclusively suggest an admixture model for the populations in Xinjiang since the early Bronze Age. However, almost all of these studies focused on the northern and eastern parts of Xinjiang; the prehistoric demographic processes that occurred in western Xinjiang have been seldomly reported.

Promotion Effect of EGCG on the Raised Expression of IL-23 through the Signaling of STAT3-BATF2-c-JUN/ATF2.

Tea polyphenol of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been verified to possess multiple biological activities. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of two subunits of IL-23p19 and IL-12p40, with the functionality in regulating the production of cytokines under physiological or pathological conditions. By serendipity, the raised expression of IL-23 was observed after treating cells with EGCG, whereas the detailed mechanism remains poorly understood.

Unbiased Immunization Strategy Yielding Specific Nanobodies against Macadamia Allergen of Vicilin-like Protein for Immunoassay Development.

Macadamia nut contains important food allergens that potentially cause allergic reactions with severe adverse effects in infants and adults. Reliable and accurate detection of macadamia is critical to avoid allergic reactions. However, knowledge on macadamia allergen is scarce and a reliable detection method has not been reported, yet.

Selection of specific nanobodies to develop an immuno-assay detecting Staphylococcus aureus in milk.

The interaction between conventional immunoglobulins (Igs) and the Ig-binding surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) have obstructed the development of immuno-assays to detect these bacteria. The current study aimed to select nanobodies (Nbs) recognizing specifically S.

A sensitive fluorescent assay for the determination of parathion-methyl using AHNSA probe with MnO nanosheets.

In this paper, a novel fluorescence assay has been constructed for the determination of parathion-methyl (PM) by using 4-amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (AHNSA) as probe. MnO nanosheets (MnO NS) could quench the fluorescence of AHNSA, while Mn, the reduction product of MnO NS, has no influence on it, resulting in fluorescence recovery. This is because that MnO NS have oxidized characteristic, and they can react with choline (TCh), which is the product of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Methylglyoxal Decoration of Glutenin during Heat Processing Could Alleviate the Resulting Allergic Reaction in Mice.

Background: It is widely believed that Maillard reactions could affect the sensitization of allergens. However, the mechanism of action of methylglyoxal (MGO) production in Maillard reactions in the sensitization variation of glutenin (a predominant allergen in wheat) during heat processing is still unclear.

Methods: This research evaluated the effect of MGO on the immune response against glutenin in a mouse model.

Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration.

Northern China harbored the world's earliest complex societies based on millet farming, in two major centers in the Yellow (YR) and West Liao (WLR) River basins. Until now, their genetic histories have remained largely unknown. Here we present 55 ancient genomes dating to 7500-1700 BP from the YR, WLR, and Amur River (AR) regions.

Mitochondrial Genome of an 8,400-Year-Old Individual from Northern China Reveals a Novel Subclade Under C5d.

Ancient DNA studies have always refreshed our understanding of the human past that cannot be tracked by modern DNA alone. Until recently, ancient mitochondrial genomic studies in East Asia were still very limited. Here, we retrieved the whole mitochondrial genome of an 8,400-year-old individual from Inner Mongolia, China.