Gradual Optimization of Molecular Aggregation and Stacking Enables Over 19% Efficiency in Binary Organic Solar Cells.

Volatile solid additive is an effective and simple strategy for morphology control in organic solar cells (OSCs). The development of environmentally friendly new additives which can also be easily removed without high-temperature thermal annealing treatment is currently a trend, and the working mechanism needs to be further studied. Herein, a highly volatile and non-halogenated solid additive 1-benzothiophene (BBT) is reported to regulate molecular aggregation and stacking of active layer components.

Simultaneous nanopore profiling of mRNA mA and pseudouridine reveals translation coordination.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) and pseudouridine (Ψ) are the two most abundant modifications in mammalian messenger RNA, but the coordination of their biological functions remains poorly understood. We develop a machine learning-based nanopore direct RNA sequencing method (NanoSPA) that simultaneously analyzes mA and Ψ in the human transcriptome. Applying NanoSPA to polysome profiling, we reveal opposing transcriptomic co-occurrence of mA and Ψ and synergistic, hierarchical effects of mA and Ψ on the polysome.

Engineered mischarged transfer RNAs for correcting pathogenic missense mutations.

Missense mutations account for approximately 50% of pathogenic mutations in human genetic diseases, and most lack effective treatments. Gene therapies, gene editing, and RNA therapies, including transfer RNA (tRNA) modalities, are common strategies for genetic disease treatments. However, reported tRNA therapies are for nonsense mutations only.

Hsa_circ_0009092/miR-665/NLK signaling axis suppresses colorectal cancer progression via recruiting TAMs in the tumor microenvironment.

Background: It has been demonstrated that circularRNA (circRNAs) plays a critical role in various cancers. While the potential molecular mechanism of circRNAs in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncertain.

Methods: Differentially expressed circRNAs were identified by RNA sequencing.

Water-Resistant Subwavelength Perovskite Lasing from Transparent Silica-Based Nanocavity.

Great research efforts are devoted to exploring the miniaturization of chip-scale coherent light sources possessing excellent lasing performance. Despite the indispensable role in Si photonics, SiO is generally considered not contributing to the starting up and operation of integrated lasers. Here, this work demonstrates an extraordinary-performance subwavelength-scale perovskite vertical cavity laser with all-transparent SiO cavity, whose cavity is ultra-simple and composed of only two parallel SiO plates.

Ionic Solvent-Assisted MAPbBr Perovskite Film for Two-Photon Pumped Single-Mode Laser.

Miniaturized coherent light sources on the nanoscale are highly desired for on-chip photonics integration. However, when approaching the diffraction limit, the sub-wavelength-scale all-dielectric lasers are difficult to realize due to the trade-off between lasing performance and physical size. Especially for a thin-film laser, usually an externally complex cavity is required to provide the necessary optical feedback.

Glial Draper signaling triggers cross-neuron plasticity in bystander neurons after neuronal cell death in Drosophila.

Neuronal cell death and subsequent brain dysfunction are hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, but how the nearby healthy neurons (bystanders) respond to the death of their neighbors is not fully understood. In the Drosophila larval neuromuscular system, bystander motor neurons can structurally and functionally compensate for the loss of their neighbors by increasing their terminal bouton number and activity. We term this compensation as cross-neuron plasticity, and in this study, we demonstrate that the Drosophila engulfment receptor, Draper, and the associated kinase, Shark, are required for cross-neuron plasticity.

Glial Draper signaling triggers cross-neuron plasticity in bystander neurons after neuronal cell death.

Neuronal cell death and subsequent brain dysfunction are hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, but how the nearby healthy neurons (bystanders) respond to the cell death of their neighbors is not fully understood. In the larval neuromuscular system, bystander motor neurons can structurally and functionally compensate for the loss of their neighbors by increasing their axon terminal size and activity. We termed this compensation as cross-neuron plasticity, and in this study, we demonstrated that the engulfment receptor, Draper, and the associated kinase, Shark, are required in glial cells.

Exosome-transmitted miR-29a induces colorectal cancer metastasis by destroying the vascular endothelial barrier.

Metastasis is the leading cause of colorectal cancer treatment failure and mortality. Communication between endothelium and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment is required for cancer metastasis. Tumor-derived exosomes have been shown to increase vascular permeability by delivering microRNA (miRNA) to vascular endothelial cells, facilitating cancer metastasis.

LINC00543 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by driving EMT and inducing the M2 polarization of tumor associated macrophages.

Background: The interaction between the tumor-microenvironment (TME) and the cancer cells has emerged as a key player in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. A small proportion of CRC cells which undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) facilitate the reshaping of the TME by regulating various cellular ingredients.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA Antisense Purification (RAP), dual luciferase assays were conducted to investigate the biological function and regulation of LINC00543 in CRC.

Ultrafast Drift Current Terahertz Emission Amplification in the Monolayer WSe/Si Heterostructure.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have great potential application for seamless on-chip integration due to their strong photon-electron-spin-valley coupling. However, the contact-free measurements of the valley-coupled photocurrent in TMDs is still challenging. Here, ultrafast terahertz emission spectroscopy is employed to investigate the photocurrent dynamics in monolayer WSe, and an interface-induced drift current amplification is found in the WSe/Si heterostructure.

tRNA abundance, modification and fragmentation in nasopharyngeal swabs as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity.

Emerging and re-emerging respiratory viruses can spread rapidly and cause pandemics as demonstrated by the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The early human immune responses to respiratory viruses are in the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal regions. Defining biomarkers of disease trajectory at the time of a positive diagnostic test would be an important tool to facilitate decisions such as initiation of antiviral treatment.

Hot Carrier Transfer in PtSe/Graphene Enabled by the Hot Phonon Bottleneck.

The charge transfer (CT) process of two-dimensional (2D) graphene/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) heterostructures makes the photoelectric conversion ability of TMDs into a wider spectral range for the light harvester and photoelectric detector applications. However, the direct in situ investigation of the hot carrier transport in graphene/TMDs heterostructures has been rarely reported. Herein, using the optical pump and a terahertz (THz) probe (OPTP) spectroscopy, the CT process from graphene to five-layer PtSe in the PtSe/graphene (P/G) heterostructure is demonstrated to be related to the pump fluence, which is enabled by the hot phonon bottleneck (HPB) effect in graphene.

MiR-192-5p/RB1/NF-κBp65 signaling axis promotes IL-10 secretion during gastric cancer EMT to induce Treg cell differentiation in the tumour microenvironment.

Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important components of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that play roles in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. Although tumour cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulate Treg cell function, their regulatory mechanism in GC remains unclear.

Methods: The miR-192-5p was identified by examining three Gene Expression Omnibus GC miRNA expression datasets.

Enhanced Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Quasi-2D Perovskite by Facilitating Energy Transfer.

Despite the superior optoelectronic properties of quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites, the inhomogeneous distribution of mixed phases result in inefficient energy transfer and multiple emission peaks. Herein, the insufficient energy funneling process at the high-energy phase is almost completely suppressed and the excitonic understanding of gain nature is studied in the energy funneling managed quasi-2D perovskite via introducing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) additive. The energy transfer process is facilitated from 0.

LAMC1-mediated preadipocytes differentiation promoted peritoneum pre-metastatic niche formation and gastric cancer metastasis.

Gastric cancer is anatomically proximal to peritoneum. Gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis is a complex biological process which is corresponded with disharmony within dysfunctional adipose tissue and metabolism reprogramming. Laminin gamma 1 (LAMC1) is highly expressed in cancer cells of peritoneal metastatic sites, however, the mechanism of LAMC1-metiated gastric cancer metastases to adipose tissue-rich peritoneum remains unclear.

Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α/lncRNA-PMAN inhibits ferroptosis by promoting the cytoplasmic translocation of ELAVL1 in peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer.

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the main site of gastric cancer (GC) distant metastasis and indicates an extremely poor prognosis and survival. Hypoxia is a common feature of peritoneal metastases and up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) may be a potential driver in the occurrence of PM. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death and closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.

The lncRNA BDNF-AS/WDR5/FBXW7 axis mediates ferroptosis in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis by regulating VDAC3 ubiquitination.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death that is closely associated with the formation of many tumors. Our study focused on the mechanism by which long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate ferroptosis in gastric cancer (GC) peritoneal metastasis (PM). We utilized lncRNA sequencing and protein profiling analysis to identify ferroptosis-associated lncRNAs and proteins.

The lncRNA SEMA3B-AS1/HMGB1/FBXW7 Axis Mediates the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer by Regulating BGN Protein Ubiquitination.

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is one of the main causes of a poor prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). lncRNAs have been confirmed to play a very crucial role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of many human cancers, including gastric cancer. However, the mechanism of lncRNA in PM of GC is rarely studied.

EMT-cancer cells-derived exosomal miR-27b-3p promotes circulating tumour cells-mediated metastasis by modulating vascular permeability in colorectal cancer.

Background: Metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are regarded as the precursor cells of metastasis. The CTCs, which underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are associated with metastasis and responsible for poor prognosis.

Interferon inducible pseudouridine modification in human mRNA by quantitative nanopore profiling.

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is an abundant mRNA modification in mammalian transcriptome, but its functions have remained elusive due to the difficulty of transcriptome-wide mapping. We develop a nanopore native RNA sequencing method for quantitative Ψ prediction (NanoPsu) that utilizes native content training, machine learning modeling, and single-read linkage analysis. Biologically, we find interferon inducible Ψ modifications in interferon-stimulated gene transcripts which are consistent with a role of Ψ in enabling efficacy of mRNA vaccines.

Tumour microenvironment: a non-negligible driver for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer.

Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide, and metastasis is still the major cause of treatment failure for cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in the metastasis cascade of epithelium-derived carcinoma. Tumour microenvironment (TME) refers to the local tissue environment in which tumour cells produce and live, including not only tumour cells themselves, but also fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells, glial cells and other cells around them, as well as intercellular stroma, micro vessels and infiltrated biomolecules from the nearby areas, which has been proved to widely participate in the occurrence and progress of cancer.