Toxic effects of avermectin on liver function, gut microbiota, and colon barrier in the rat model.

Avermectin (AVM), a compound derived from the fermentation of Avermectin Streptomyces, has insecticidal, acaricidal, and nematicidal properties. Widely employed in agriculture, it serves as an effective and broad-spectrum insecticide for pest control. Although the toxicity of AVM at low doses may not be readily apparent, prolonged and extensive exposure can result in poisoning.

The neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly abused substance on a global scale and has the capacity to elicit toxicity within the central nervous system. The neurotoxicity induced by METH encompasses neuronal degeneration and cellular demise within the substantia nigra-striatum and hippocampus. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a constituent of propolis, is a diminutive compound that demonstrates antioxidative and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

Sudden death with cardiac involvement in a neonate with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency.

A female neonate born with normal Apgar scores at 38+2 weeks of gestational age unexpectedly passed away within less than 30 hours after birth. The situation mirrored her brother's earlier demise within 24 hours post-delivery, suggesting a possible genetic disorder. Gross examination revealed widespread cyanosis and distinct yellowish changes on the cardiac ventricles.

Pathological Changes and Cause of Death Associated with the Global Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global epidemic for more than three years, causing more than 6.9 million deaths. COVID-19 has the clinical characteristics of strong infectivity and long incubation period, and can cause multi-system damage, mainly lung damage, clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic multiple organ damage.

Developments and current status of cell-free DNA in the early detection and management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Nowadays, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a major threat to human health globally, with a disappointing prognosis. Regular monitoring of patients at high risk, utilizing abdominal ultrasonography combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum analysis, enables the early detection of potentially treatable tumors. However, the approach has limitations due to its lack of sensitivity.

Pulmonary fat embolism: a potentially new fatal complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A case report.

Background: So far, there have been more than 761 million confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, with more than 6.8 million deaths. The most common direct causes of death for COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Comprehensive analysis of anoikis-related lncRNAs for predicting prognosis and response of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Nowadays, primary liver cancer is still a major threat to human health. Anoikis is a particular form of programed cell death that has an inhibitory effect on neoplasm metastasis. Although several prognostic models based on anoikis-related genes for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been established, signatures associated with anoikis-related lncRNAs have not been identified.

Clinical efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus lenvatinib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Assess the effectiveness and safety of treatment options atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) or lenvatinib in clinical practice for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods: To compare the effectiveness of Atez/Bev and lenvatinib in treating advanced HCC, we systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. We utilized Review Manager 5.

A bibliometric and visualized analysis of preoperative future liver remnant augmentation techniques from 1997 to 2022.

Background: The size and function of the future liver remnant (FLR) is an essential consideration for both eligibility for treatment and postoperative prognosis when planning surgical hepatectomy. Over time, a variety of preoperative FLR augmentation techniques have been investigated, from the earliest portal vein embolization (PVE) to the more recent Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) and liver venous deprivation (LVD) procedures. Despite numerous publications on this topic, no bibliometric analysis has yet been conducted.

Rare, fatal pulmonary fat embolism after acupuncture therapy: A case report and literature review.

Background: Death from nontraumatic pulmonary fat embolism associated with minor soft tissue contusion, surgery, cancer chemotherapy, hematologic disorders and so on has been reported. Patients often present with atypical manifestations and rapid deterioration, making diagnosis and treatment difficult. However, there are no reported cases of death from pulmonary fat embolism after acupuncture therapy.

Thymic hypoplasia induced by copy number variations contributed to explaining sudden infant death based on forensic autopsies.

Thymic hypoplasia is a primary cellular immunodeficiency that causes susceptibility to serious infections leading to sudden death in infants. Some genetic disorders in humans could result in the evident permanent hypoplasia or occasional aplasia of the thymus at birth. However, determining the genetic etiology of thymic hypoplasia is challenging for the sudden infant death due to primary cellular immunodeficiency.

Transcriptomic Changes of Astrocytes in the Brain of Rats with Subacute METH Exposure.

Objectives: To study the transcriptomic changes of astrocytes in the brain of rats exposed to methamphetamine (METH) and its possible mechanism in neurotoxicity.

Methods: The rats were intraperitoneally injected with METH (15 mg/kg) every 12 h for 8 times in total to establish the subacute rat model of METH. After the model was successfully established, the striatum was extracted, and astrocytes were separated by the magnetic bead method.

Methamphetamine mediates apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells via the chop-related endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive amphetamine-type drug that has caused persistent harm to society and human health in recent years. Most studies have shown that METH severely damages the central nervous system, and this drug has been found to be toxic to the cardiovascular system in recent years. Therefore, we hypothesized that METH may also damage vascular smooth muscle.

Role of CXCR1 and Interleukin-8 in Methamphetamine-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis.

Methamphetamine (METH), an extremely and widely abused illicit drug, can cause serious nervous system damage and social problems. Previous research has shown that METH use causes dopaminergic neuron apoptosis and astrocyte-related neuroinflammation. However, the relationship of astrocytes and neurons in METH-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear.

Lactulose attenuates METH-induced neurotoxicity by alleviating the impaired autophagy, stabilizing the perturbed antioxidant system and suppressing apoptosis in rat striatum.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant. Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar, which effectively decreases METH-induced neurotoxicity in rat. However, the exact mechanisms need further investigation.

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Methamphetamine-Induced Neuroinflammation through Caspase-11 Signaling Pathway in Astrocytes.

Methamphetamine (METH) is an amphetamine-typed stimulant drug that is increasingly being abused worldwide. Previous studies have shown that METH toxicity is systemic, especially targeting dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of neuroinflammation in METH neurotoxicity remains unclear.

Molecular pathology of cerebral TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and Nrf2 in forensic autopsy cases with special regard to deaths due to environmental hazards and intoxication.

Deaths involved with environmental hazards and intoxication might present with minimal or nonspecific morphological features, which are insufficient to establish a diagnosis. The present study investigated the postmortem brain mRNA and immunohistochemical expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in forensic cases. Relative mRNA quantification using Taqman real-time PCR assay demonstrated higher expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS, and lower expression of Nrf2 in methamphetamine intoxication and hyperthermia cases, higher expression of iNOS in phenobarbital intoxication cases, and higher expression of Nrf2 in phenobarbital intoxication and hypothermia cases.

Sudden infant death from neonate carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency.

A full-term female baby born to parents who gave birth three years prior to a girl who survived only 31h postpartum died 36h after birth. An autopsy showed that the heart was markedly hypertrophic (32g). Microscopically, the myocardium, liver and kidney cells exhibited extensive vacuolar degeneration.

Increased cerebral expressions of MMPs, CLDN5, OCLN, ZO1 and AQPs are associated with brain edema following fatal heat stroke.

Human brain samples were collected from 46 autopsy cases, including 23 fatal heat stroke cases and 23 age-matched controls. Nine candidate reference genes (PES1, POLR2A, IPO8, HMBS, SDHA, GAPDH, UBC, B2M, ACTB) were evaluated in the cerebral cortex of 10 forensic autopsy cases (5 heat stroke and 5 controls), using the geNorm module in qBase software. SDHA, POLR2A, IPO8 and HMBS were identified as the most stable reference genes.

Methamphetamine induces hepatotoxicity via inhibiting cell division, arresting cell cycle and activating apoptosis: In vivo and in vitro studies.

Methamphetamine (METH) resulted in acute hepatic injury. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In the present study, rats were treated with METH (15 mg/kg B.

Decreased mRNA levels of cardiac Cx43 and ZO1 in sudden cardiac death related to coronary atherosclerosis: a pilot study.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most frequent cause of sudden unexplained death in forensic practice. The most common cause of SCD is coronary artery disease related to coronary atherosclerosis. Previous study suggested the possible application of connexin 43 (Cx43) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO1) immunostaining in the early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.

Role of PUMA in methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis.

Exposure to methamphetamine (METH), a widely used illicit drug, has been shown to cause neuron apoptosis. p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) is a key mediator in neuronal apoptosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of PUMA in METH-induced neuronal apoptosis.