Hereditary exostosis: An unexpected malignant transformation in a pediatric patient.

In this article, we report the case of an 8-year-old child with multiple hereditary exostoses, revealed by the rapid and painful growth of bone deformities in the right leg. After performing a CT scan, multiple exostoses were observed in the pelvic region and both lower limbs. Notably, the exostosis in the right fibula was larger and exhibited a thickened cartilaginous cap.

Neuro-meningeal tuberculosis: A pediatric case report and review of the literature.

Pediatric neuro-meningeal tuberculosis leads to high rates of mortality and morbidity. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are challenging; imaging findings play a key role in establishing the presumptive diagnosis. General brain imaging findings are well reported; however, specific data on cerebral vascular and spinal involvement in children are sparse.

Persistent primary vitreous: A report on 2 rare pediatric cases.

Persistence of the fetal vasculature (PFV) is a rare ocular malformation of unknown origin, characterized by a spectrum of complex presentations with varying functional prognoses. We reported the cases of 2 male patients: a 3-month-old infant and a 4-year-old child. A thorough examination of their eyes, often requiring general anesthesia, is essential for diagnosis.

A persistent fetal vasculature: A case report.

Persistent fetal vasculature, previously called persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, is a rare congenital condition where a component of fetal vessels within the eye fails to regress, leading to visual acuity decrease or loss. We present a case of a 13-year-old male patient, with a history of second-degree consanguinity, psychomotor development retardation, intellectual deficit from birth, in addition to a progressive bilateral visual acuity decrease. He recently presented a leukocoria in the right eye.

Microcephaly Resulting From Congenital Toxoplasmosis: What the Radiologist can Expect to See? A Case Report.

Microcephaly is defined as an occipitofrontal head circumference two standard deviations (2SD) below average for age and sex, with severe microcephaly below three standard deviations (3SD). Congenital toxoplasmosis is one of the congenital infections that can potentially lead to microcephaly. It reflects neurotropism for fetal central nervous system (CNS) cells from toxoplasma, causing massive destruction of neural tissue, resulting in serious neurological damage.

Polysplenia syndrome in adulthood: A case report of incidental discovery.

The Polysplenia Syndrome (PSS) is a form of heterotaxy, a rare congenital anomaly with an estimated incidence of 1 in 250,000 live births, first described by Helwig in 1929. Most patients with polysplenia syndrome die during the neonatal period due to severe associated cardiac and biliary anomalies. Nevertheless, some individuals present with moderate cardiovascular malformations or abdominal anomalies, often discovered incidentally in adulthood.

Imaging of primitive pleural hydatidosis in children: A case report.

Hydatidosis, caused by the larval form of the parasite , is a rare condition, especially in pediatric patients, with pleural involvement being exceedingly uncommon. We report a case of primary pleural hydatidosis in a 9-year-old child, emphasizing the importance of various imaging techniques in establishing an accurate diagnosis.

Myositis ossificans circumscripta of the thigh: A pediatric case report.

Circumscribed myositis ossificans is a benign process of focal heterotopic ossification of the soft tissues, occurring in young subjects, usually following trauma. We report a case of a 15-year-old patient who suffered a direct trauma to the thigh during a soccer match, and developed a hard mass in the anterior face of the thigh. The patient was diagnosed with myositis ossificans secondary to trauma.

The retrotracheal left pulmonary artery: A rare vascular malformation.

The retrotracheal left pulmonary artery, also known as "left pulmonary artery sling," is a rare vascular malformation in which the left pulmonary artery (LPA) arises from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery (RPA) and reaches the left pulmonary hilum by passing between the trachea and the esophagus, giving rise to the appearance of a sling, hence the name "sling." This vascular anomaly can be associated with other cardiac malformations or abnormalities of the tracheobronchial tree.We present the case of a 4-month-old female infant who presented with laryngeal stridor.

Vaginal botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma in an infant: A case report and review of the literature.

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy that primarily affects the female genital tract in children. It arises from embryonal rhabdomyoblasts. The vagina is the most common site, but it can also occur, although rarely, in the cervix or uterine fundus.

Susac syndrome: A rare pediatric case.

Susac syndrome is a rare microangiopathy of unclear etiology, likely autoimmune, characterized by a characteristic clinical triad of encephalopathy, retinopathy, and hypoacusis. The majority of cases reported in the literature involve adult patients, with its occurrence in the pediatric population being extremely rare. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for diagnosis and patient monitoring, revealing nearly pathognomonic features, particularly valuable given the typically incomplete clinical triad and the consistent presence of encephalopathy, often as the initial symptom.

Incidental Finding of Arteria Lusoria.

The arteria lusoria or retroesophageal right subclavian artery is the most common malformation of the aortic arch. It may be discovered with some symptoms of airway and/or esophageal compression, such as dyspnea or dysphagia, but in most cases it is an asymptomatic pathology. We report a case of a 3 months old patient diagnosed with Down syndrome who was admitted for pulmonary infection with incidental finding of retrooesophageal right subclavian artery.

Hydatid cyst of the humerus presenting as a suspicious lesion: A rare case report and review of literature.

Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus. Echinococcus Granulosus is the most common cause of hydatid disease in humans. Bone involvement is rare, accounting for only 0.

A Rare Case of Infantile Myofibromatosis With Intra Cranial Involvement.

Infantile myofibromatosis is a proliferative disorder occurring during infancy and early childhood, marked by the development of nodular or diffuse lesions consisting of various mesenchymal elements. Intracranial involvement is infrequently reported. Here, we present the case of a 3-year-old girl exhibiting a rare manifestation of IM with intracranial parenchymal involvement, displaying a histological pattern documented in existing literature on patients with infantile myofibromatosis.