Development of soft computing-based models for forecasting water quality index of Lorestan Province, Iran.

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is widely used as a classification indicator and essential parameter for water resources management projects. WQI combines several physical and chemical parameters into a single metric to measure the status of Water Quality. This study explores the application of five soft computing techniques, including Gene Expression Programming, Gaussian Process, Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REPt), Artificial Neural Network with FireFly (ANN-FFA), and combinations of Reduced Error Pruning Tree with bagging.

The designing of magnetic nanomaterials synthesis and applications in dye degradation: a review.

Numerous activities, including rapid industrialization, population increase, and agricultural practices, have continuously contaminated freshwater resources. One of the main risks to aquatic life and human health is water pollution, which can lead to a number of extremely dangerous illnesses, including cancer, asthma, and gastrointestinal problems. The contaminated wastewater could be cleaned using a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques.

Strategies for economic utilization of rice straw residues into value-added by-products and prevention of environmental pollution.

Rice straw management, along with the prevalent practice of residue burning, poses multifaceted challenges with substantial environmental and human health implications. After harvest, a considerable amount of straw is left behind, often disposed of through burning, releasing several pollutants into the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO) dominates at 70%, accompanied by methane (CH) at 0.

Nanoparticles as novel elicitors in plant tissue culture applications: Current status and future outlook.

Plant tissue culture is the primary, fundamental, and applied aspect of plant biology. It is an indispensable and valuable technique for investigating morphogenesis, embryogenesis, clonal propagation, crop improvements, generation of pathogen-free plants, gene transfer and expression, and the production of secondary metabolites. The extensive use of various nanoparticles (NPs) in fields such as cosmetics, energy, medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture, and biotechnology have demonstrated positive impacts in microbial decontamination, callus differentiation, organogenesis, somatic variations, biotransformation, cryopreservation, and enhanced synthesis of bioactive compounds.

Analytical Investigation of the Impact of Jet Geometry on Aeration Effectiveness Using Soft Computing Techniques.

Jet aeration is a commonly used technique for introducing air into water during wastewater treatment. In this investigation, the efficacy of different soft computing models, namely, Random Forest, Reduced Error Pruning Tree, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gaussian Process, and Support Vector Machine, was examined in predicting the aeration efficiency (E) of circular and square jet configurations in an open channel flow. A total of 126 experimental data points were utilized to develop and validate these models.

A panoramic view of technological landscape for bioethanol production from various generations of feedstocks.

Bioethanol is an appropriate alternate energy option due to its renewable, nontoxic, environmentally friendly, and carbon-neutral nature. Depending upon various feedstocks, bioethanol is classified in different various generations. First-generation ethanol created a food vs fuel problem, which was overcome by second-generation, third-generation and fourth-generation ethanol.

Physiological traits and expression profile of genes associated with nitrogen and phosphorous use efficiency in wheat.

Background: Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) play a very important role in the growth and development of wheat as well as major constituents of biological membranes. To meet the plant's nutritional demand these nutrients are applied in the form of fertilizers. But the plant can utilize only half of the applied fertilizer whereas the rest is lost through surface runoff, leaching and volatilization.

A review: Aeration efficiency of hydraulic structures in diffusing DO in water.

This paper contemplates the review of aeration efficiency with commonly used different aeration systems such as Venturi flumes, Weirs, Conduits, Stepped channels, In Venturi Aeration, the SAE value grows fast with the number of air holes. In Weir Aeration, it was found that among all the different labyrinth weir structure, triangular notch weirs are known for the optimum results for air entrainment. The ANN model was developed with parameters discharge (Q) and tail water depth (T) which showed that Q is more influential parameter than T.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic C-H Functionalization of Unactivated Alkenes with α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds.

A redox-neutral mild methodology for the allylic C-H alkylation of unactivated alkenes with diazo compounds is demonstrated. The developed protocol is able to bypass the possibility of the cyclopropanation of an alkene upon its reaction with the acceptor-acceptor diazo compounds. The protocol is highly accomplished due to its compatibility with various unactivated alkenes functionalized with different sensitive functional groups.

Effect of terminal heat stress on osmolyte accumulation and gene expression during grain filling in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The grain-filling stage in Triticum aestivum (wheat) is highly vulnerable to increasing temperature as terminal heat stress diminishes grain quality and yield. To examine the mechanism of terminal heat tolerance, we performed the biochemical and gene expression analyses using two heat-tolerant (WH730 and WH1218) and two heat-sensitive (WH711 and WH157) wheat genotypes. We observed a significant increase in total soluble sugar (25%-47%), proline (7%-15%), and glycine betaine (GB) (22%-34%) contents in flag leaf, whereas a decrease in grain-filling duration, 1000-kernel weight (8%-25%), and grain yield per plant (11%-23%) was observed under the late-sown compared to the timely sown.

Crop classification by using dual-pol SAR vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-1 SAR-C data.

In the following study, an attempt is made for crop classification of rainy season through analyzing time-series Sentinel-1 SAR data of May 2020 to September 2020. The SVI index derived from dual-pol (VV and VH) bands consisting of NRPB ([Formula: see text]), DPDD [Formula: see text]), IDPDD ([Formula: see text]), and VDDPI [Formula: see text] ratios are utilized for discriminating inter-vegetative boundaries of crop pixels. This study was conducted near Karnal city region, Karnal district, Haryana, India.

Structural and functional insights into the candidate genes associated with different developmental stages of flag leaf in bread wheat ( L.).

Grain yield is one of the most important aims for combating the needs of the growing world population. The role of development and nutrient transfer in flag leaf for higher yields at the grain level is well known. It is a great challenge to properly exploit this knowledge because all the processes, starting from the emergence of the flag leaf to the grain filling stages of wheat ( L.

Machine Learning Techniques for Evaluating Concrete Strength with Waste Marble Powder.

The purpose of the research is to predict the compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete mix by using waste marble powder as a partial replacement of cement and sand, based on the experimental data that was acquired from the laboratory tests. In order to accomplish the goal, the models of Support vector machines, Support vector machines with bagging and Stochastic, Linear regression, and Gaussian processes were applied to the experimental data for predicting the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. The effectiveness of models was also evaluated by using statistical criteria.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral [4 + 1]-Annulation of Unactivated Alkenes with Sulfoxonium Ylides.

A novel methodology for redox-neutral [4 + 1] annulation of unactivated alkenes with sulfoxonium ylides leads to the synthesis of a diverse library of indanone compounds. The developed annulation reaction was found to be highly versatile due to its compatibility with various unactivated alkenes functionalized with various sensitive functional groups as well as substituted sulfoxonium ylides. Further, multiple transformations such as ring-expansion, reduction, aldol condensation, and Wittig reaction were carried out with indanones.

Predicting daily soil temperature at multiple depths using hybrid machine learning models for a semi-arid region in Punjab, India.

Prediction of soil temperature (ST) at multiple depths is important for maintaining the physical, chemical, and biological activities in soil for various scientific aspects. The present study was conducted in a semi-arid region of Punjab to predict the daily ST at 5-cm (ST), 15-cm (ST), and 30-cm (ST) soil depths by employing the three-hybrid machine learning (ML) paradigms, i.e.

Nanotechnology-enabled biofortification strategies for micronutrients enrichment of food crops: Current understanding and future scope.

Nutrient deficiency in food crops severely compromises human health, particularly in under privileged communities. Globally, billions of people, particularly in developing nations, have limited access to nutritional supplements and fortified foods, subsequently suffering from micronutrient deficiency leading to a range of health issues. The green revolution enhanced crop production and provided food to billions of people but often falls short with respect to the nutritional quality of that food.

Study of renal parenchymal changes by diffusion tensor imaging in diabetic nephropathy.

Purpose: To evaluate differences in diffusion imaging parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), in control and diabetic subjects, and to assess changes in these parameters to patient's urine albumin/protein levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA).

Material And Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study involving 100 patients who underwent diffusion imaging including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the kidneys in our hospital from 2019 to 2020. Diffusion imaging parameters (ADC and FA) were obtained from the medulla and cortex of both kidneys using dedicated software.

Development and characterization of nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency responsive genic and miRNA derived SSR markers in wheat.

Among all the nutrients, nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are the most limiting factors reducing wheat production and productivity world-wide. These macronutrients are directly applied to soil in the form of fertilizers. However, only 30-40% of these applied fertilizers are utilized by crop plants, while the rest is lost through volatilization, leaching, and surface run off.

Assessment of Soft Computing Techniques for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of Bacterial Concrete.

In this investigation, the potential of M5P, Random Tree (RT), Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REP Tree), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) techniques have been evaluated and compared with the multiple linear regression-based model (MLR) to be used for prediction of the compressive strength of bacterial concrete. For this purpose, 128 experimental observations have been collected. The total data set has been divided into two segments such as training (87 observations) and testing (41 observations).

Sonography in male infertility: a useful yet underutilized diagnostic tool.

Purpose: To assess the utility of comprehensive sonographic examination including scrotal sonography, Testicular Doppler and Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) to evaluate the male reproductive system and differentiate between obstructive (OG) and non-obstructive (NOG) causes of azoospermia.

Methods: 30 infertile men with azoospermia and 30 control subjects with normospermia underwent sonographic evaluation. FNAC/biopsy findings were used for assigning a final diagnosis of obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia.

Discovery of miRNAs and Development of Heat-Responsive miRNA-SSR Markers for Characterization of Wheat Germplasm for Terminal Heat Tolerance Breeding.

A large proportion of the Asian population fulfills their energy requirements from wheat ( L.). Wheat quality and yield are critically affected by the terminal heat stress across the globe.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed allylic C-H amidation of unactivated alkenes with generated iminoiodinanes.

Rh(iii)-catalyzed allylic C-H amidation of substituted alkenes with in situ generated iminoiodinanes is demonstrated. The presented protocol is compatible with differently functionalized unactivated terminal alkenes and internal alkenes. In terminal alkenes, branch selectivity was observed exclusively.

Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Allylic C-H Amidation of Internal Alkenes with Sulfonamides.

The Ir(III)-catalyzed direct allylic C-H amidation of substituted internal alkenes with substituted sulfonamides without having directing group is demonstrated. The present protocol provides substituted allylic amines in a highly atom- and step-economical manner. The reaction was compatible with symmetrical and unsymmetrical internal alkenes as well as substituted sulfonamides.