Treatment Patterns and Survival Outcomes Among Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitor-Experienced Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: There is limited real-world data regarding subsequent treatment utilization and clinical outcomes following initial androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) exposure for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. This study aimed to address this evidence gap.

Methods: Electronic health records during 01/01/2013-07/31/2022 from Flatiron Health were used to identify adults with mCRPC, who had prior exposure to ARPIs (irrespective of the setting) and ≥1 post-ARPI line of therapy (LOT) in the mCRPC setting (index therapy: the first eligible LOT in the mCRPC setting).

Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab versus surveillance for the adjuvant treatment of patients with urothelial carcinoma who are at high risk of recurrence: a US payer perspective.

Aim: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant nivolumab compared with surveillance for the treatment of patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) after radical resection from a US healthcare payer perspective and to investigate the impact of alternative modeling approaches on the cost-effectiveness results.

Material And Methods: A four-state, semi-Markov model consisting of disease free, local recurrence, distant recurrence, and death health states was developed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab compared with surveillance over a 30-year time horizon. The model used data from the randomized CheckMate 274 trial (NCT02632409) and published literature to inform transitions among health states, and inputs on cost, utility, adverse event, and disease management.

Challenges, considerations, and approaches for developing a cost-effectiveness model for the adjuvant treatment of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma: with a spotlight on nivolumab versus placebo.

Aims: To present alternative approaches related to both structural assumptions and data sources for the development of a decision analytic model for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant nivolumab compared with surveillance in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) after radical resection.

Methods And Results: Alternative approaches related to both structural assumptions and data sources are presented to address challenges and data gaps, as well as discussion of strengths and limitations of each approach. Specifically, challenges and considerations related to the following are presented: (1) selection of a modeling approach (partitioned survival model or state transition model) given the available evidence, (2) choice of health state structure (three- or four-state) to model disease progression and subsequent therapy, (3) modeling of outcomes from subsequent therapy using tunnel states to account for time-dependent transition probabilities or absorbing health states with one-off costs and outcomes applied, and (4) methods for modeling health-state transitions in a setting where treatment has curative intent and available survival data are immature.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Nivolumab in Adjuvant Treatment of Melanoma in France.

Introduction: The aim of the current study is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant treatment with nivolumab relative to clinically relevant comparators in adult patients with melanoma with lymph node involvement or metastatic disease who have undergone complete resection from a French societal perspective.

Methods: The comparators were observation, low-dose interferon and pembrolizumab. A subgroup analysis was carried out in patients with BRAF mutation, adding dabrafenib plus trametinib.

Cross-sectional survey in CKD patients across Europe describing the association between quality of life and anaemia.

Background: Deteriorating renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is commonly associated with reduced haemoglobin levels, adding to the already considerable humanistic burden of CKD. This analysis evaluated the impact of anaemia on disease burden in patients with CKD stages 3-4, and in those on dialysis.

Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis of European data from an Adelphi CKD Disease-Specific Programme.