Long-Term Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With a Transient Ischemic Attack: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Sparse information regarding the long-term risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) following a transient ischemic attack (TIA) emphasizes further research to guide preventive strategies and risk stratification in patients with a TIA.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study to investigate the 5-year risk of MI and all-cause mortality in patients with a first-time TIA. Patients with a first-time TIA were identified in the Danish Stroke Registry (2013-2020), matched on age, sex, and calendar year (1:4) with the general population and (1:1) with patients with first-time ischemic stroke.

Association Between Autoimmune Diseases and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance : An Analysis From a Population-Based Screening Study.

Background: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a precursor of multiple myeloma (MM) and related conditions. In previous registry-based, retrospective studies, autoimmune diseases have been associated with MGUS. However, these studies were not based on a screened population and are therefore prone to ascertainment bias.

Development of a Multivariable Model to Predict the Need for Bone Marrow Sampling in Persons With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance : A Cohort Study Nested in a Clinical Trial.

Background: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are asymptomatic precursor conditions to multiple myeloma and related disorders. Smoldering multiple myeloma is distinguished from MGUS by 10% or greater bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) on sampling, has a higher risk for progression, and requires specialist management.

Objective: To develop a multivariable prediction model that predicts the probability that a person with presumed MGUS has 10% or greater BMPC (SMM or worse by bone marrow criteria) to inform the decision to obtain a bone marrow sample and compare its performance to the Mayo Clinic risk stratification model.

Dietary Vitamin K Intake and Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Background: Leaflet calcification contributes to the development and progression of aortic valve stenosis. Vitamin K activates inhibitors of vascular calcification and may modulate inflammation and skeletal bone loss. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether higher dietary intakes of vitamin K are associated with a lower incidence of aortic stenosis.

Indoor Airborne Microbiome and Endotoxin: Meteorological Events and Occupant Characteristics Are Important Determinants.

Airborne bacteria and endotoxin may affect asthma and allergies. However, there is limited understanding of the environmental determinants that influence them. This study investigated the airborne microbiomes in the homes of 1038 participants from five cities in Northern Europe: Aarhus, Bergen, Reykjavik, Tartu, and Uppsala.

Physical and cognitive impact following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based case-control study.

Background: Persistent symptoms are common after SARS-CoV-2 infection but correlation with objective measures is unclear.

Methods: We invited all 3098 adults who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in Iceland before October 2020 to the deCODE Health Study. We compared multiple symptoms and physical measures between 1706 Icelanders with confirmed prior infection (cases) who participated, and 619 contemporary and 13,779 historical controls.

Controlled Electronic and Magnetic Landscape in Self-Assembled Complex Oxide Heterostructures.

Complex oxide heterointerfaces contain a rich playground of novel physical properties and functionalities, which give rise to emerging technologies. Among designing and controlling the functional properties of complex oxide film heterostructures, vertically aligned nanostructure (VAN) films using a self-assembling bottom-up deposition method presents great promise in terms of structural flexibility and property tunability. Here, the bottom-up self-assembly is extended to a new approach using a mixture containing a 2Dlayer-by-layer film growth, followed by a 3D VAN film growth.

Hypothetical interventions on emergency ambulance and prehospital acetylsalicylic acid administration in myocardial infarction patients presenting without chest pain.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) patients presenting without chest pain are a diagnostic challenge. They receive suboptimal prehospital management and have high mortality. To elucidate potential benefits of improved management, we analysed expected outcome among non-chest pain MI patients if hypothetically they (1) received emergency ambulances/acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as often as observed for chest pain patients, and (2) all received emergency ambulance/ASA.

Short- and long-term risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after first time ablation according to body mass index: a nationwide Danish cohort study.

Aims: Overweight is associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the impact of overweight and AF recurrence after ablation is less clear. Despite this, an increasing number of AF ablations are carried out in overweight patients. We investigated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on AF recurrence rates after ablation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and higher rate of complete atrioventricular block: a Danish Nationwide Registry.

Aims: The present study aimed to determine the association between Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and third-degree (complete) atrioventricular block.

Methods And Results: This nationwide nested case-control study included patients older than 18 years, diagnosed with third-degree atrioventricular block between 1 July 1995 and 31 December 2018. Data on medication, comorbidity, and outcomes were collected from Danish registries.

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.

Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries.

Normal Values for Myocardial Work Indices Derived From Pressure-Strain Loop Analyses: From the CCHS.

Background: Pressure-strain loop analyses is a noninvasive technique capable of evaluating myocardial work. Reference values are needed to benchmark these myocardial work indices for clinical practice.

Methods: Healthy participants from a general population study were used to establish reference values for global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) measured by pressure-strain loop analyses.

Adverse Events Associated With Coprescription of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Oral Organic Nitrates in Male Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease : A Case-Crossover Study.

Background: Concomitant use of oral organic nitrates (nitrates) and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors is contraindicated.

Objective: To measure temporal trends in the coprescription of nitrates and PDE5 inhibitors and to measure the association between cardiovascular outcomes and the coprescription of nitrates with PDE5 inhibitors.

Design: Case-crossover design.

The feasibility of pragmatic influenza vaccine randomized controlled real-world trials in Denmark and England.

We estimated the frequency of non-specific influenza-associated clinical endpoints to inform the feasibility of pragmatic randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE). Hospitalization rates of respiratory, cardiovascular and diabetic events were estimated from Denmark and England's electronic databases and stratified by age, comorbidity and influenza vaccination status. We included a seasonal average of 4.

Sarcoidosis in Iceland: a nationwide study of epidemiology, clinical picture and environmental exposure.

Background: This nationwide study aimed to elucidate the incidence and clinical characteristics of tissue-verified sarcoidosis in Iceland. A secondary aim was to analyse sex differences and identify possible environmental factors contributing to the pathological process.

Materials And Methods: This is a descriptive study covering 36 years (January 1, 1981 through December 31, 2016).

Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) are measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals and strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor that accelerates atherosclerosis.

Methods: We performed meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies in up to 2500 T2D individuals of European ancestry (EA) and 1590 T2D individuals of African ancestry with or without exclusion of prevalent cardiovascular disease, for CAC measured by cardiac computed tomography, and 3608 individuals of EA and 838 individuals of African ancestry with T2D for cIMT measured by ultrasonography within the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium.

The coexistence of asthma and COPD: risk factors, clinical history and lung function trajectories.

Patients with concomitant features of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a heavy disease burden.Using data collected prospectively in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, we compared the risk factors, clinical history and lung function trajectories from early adulthood to late sixties of middle-aged subjects with asthma+COPD (n=179), past (n=263) or current (n=808) asthma alone, COPD alone (n=111) or none of these (n=3477).Interview data and pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained during three clinical examinations in 1991-1993, 1999-2002 and 2010-2013.

Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Cardiac Remodeling as Assessed by Cardiac Biomarker and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Nonobese and Obese Adults.

It is unknown whether obesity modifies the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on cardiac remodeling and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) levels. We compared NT-proBNP and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in adults without OSA (n=56) and nonobese (n=73; body mass index <30 kg/m) and obese (n=136; body mass index ≥30 kg/m) adults with OSA. We also investigated these traits in nonobese (n=45) and obese (n=78) participants with OSA adherent to 4 months of PAP treatment.

Biochemical characteristics of zooplankton entering Atlantic mackerel processing plants in Iceland as side-catch.

The Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is a zooplanktivorous fish with its main summer feeding grounds in the waters around Iceland. The zooplankton in the stomachs of the caught fish causes several problems during processing due to the high enzyme activity of the zooplankton. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of zooplankton that accompanies mackerel as a side-catch and stomach fullness as affected by catching year, season, catching zone, and catching method over three mackerel seasons from 2016 to 2018.

Walnut Allergy Across Europe: Distribution of Allergen Sensitization Patterns and Prediction of Severity.

Background: Walnut allergy is common across the globe, but data on the involvement of individual walnut components are scarce.

Objectives: To identify geographical differences in walnut component sensitization across Europe, explore cosensitization and cross-reactivity, and assess associations of clinical and serological determinants with severity of walnut allergy.

Methods: As part of the EuroPrevall outpatient surveys in 12 European cities, standardized clinical evaluation was conducted in 531 individuals reporting symptoms to walnut, with sensitization to all known walnut components assessed in 202 subjects.