Assessing Firefighters' Tourniquet Skill Attainment and Retention: A Controlled Simulation-Based Experiment.

Background: The aim of this study was to train and assess firefighters' skill attainment in the use of tourniquets, and to assess their skill retention after 3 mo. The purpose is to show if firefighters can successfully apply a tourniquet after a short course based on the Norwegian national recommendation for civil prehospital tourniquet use.

Methods: This is a prospective experimental study.

Norwegian Emergency Medicine Systems' Training and Equipment for Penetrating Injuries: A National Survey-Based Study.

Objective: Recent terror attacks led the Norwegian government to develop a procedure for emergency and law enforcement services cooperation during Active Violent Incidents (AVI, abbreviated PLIVO in Norwegian). To address further national initiatives to improve preparedness for mass casualty events and penetrating injuries among emergency medical services (EMS) in Norway, training and equipment status were mapped.

Methods: All EMS regions in Norway were invited to participate in an electronic nation-wide survey about practical medical training in PLIVO scenario training and specific training in hemorrhage control and penetrating injuries.