Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium avium isolates originating from humans, swine and birds.

Background: Mycobacterium avium includes the subspecies avium, silvaticum, paratuberculosis and hominissuis, and M. avium subspecies has been isolated from various environments all over the world including from biofilms in water distribution systems. The aim of this study was to examine isolates of M.

A novel IS element, ISMpa1, in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

A novel insertion element belonging to the IS110 family was identified in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The IS element, ISMpa1, is 1500 bp and has one ORF encoding a putative transposase.

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by buoyant density centrifugation, sequence capture PCR and dot blot hybridisation.

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is often hampered by the lack of efficient methods for sample treatment.