Nosocomial transmission of , and -carrying conferring resistance to eravacycline and omadacycline, the Netherlands, March to August 2021.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRAb) is an important pathogen causing serious nosocomial infections. We describe an outbreak of CRAb in an intensive care unit in the Netherlands in 2021. During an outbreak of non-resistant , while infection control measures were in place, CRAb isolates carrying highly similar and encoding plasmids were isolated from three patients over a period of several months.

Neonatal meningitis originating from the water reservoir of an automated infant milk dispenser, the Netherlands, February 2024.

is a multidrug-resistant pathogen causing high mortality and morbidity in adults with comorbidities and neonates. We report a Dutch case of meningitis in a neonate, clonally related to samples taken from an automated infant milk dispenser located at the family's residence. We inform about the emergence of and suggest molecular surveillance in hospitals and other health settings.

Review on infection control strategies to minimize outbreaks of the emerging pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis.

Background: Elizabethkingia anophelis is a multi-drug resistant emerging opportunistic pathogen with a high mortality rate, causing healthcare-associated outbreaks worldwide.

Methods: We report a case of E. anophelis pleuritis, resulting from transmission through lung transplantation, followed by a literature review of outbreak reports and strategies to minimize E.

Long-read sequencing-based in silico phage typing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.

Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are successful nosocomial pathogens able to cause hospital outbreaks. In the Netherlands, core-genome MLST (cgMLST) based on short-read sequencing is often used for molecular typing. Long-read sequencing is more rapid and provides useful information about the genome's structural composition but lacks the precision required for SNP-based typing and cgMLST.

Molecular Characterisation of Vancomycin-Resistant Isolates Belonging to the Lineage ST117/CT24 Causing Hospital Outbreaks.

Vancomycin-resistant (VREfm) is a successful nosocomial pathogen. The current molecular method recommended in the Netherlands for VREfm typing is based on core genome Multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), however, the rapid emergence of specific VREfm lineages challenges distinguishing outbreak isolates solely based on their core genome. Here, we explored if a detailed molecular characterisation of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and accessory genes could support and expand the current molecular typing of VREfm isolates sharing the same genetic background, enhancing the discriminatory power of the analysis.

Predominance of CTX-M-15-producing ST131 strains among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from asylum seekers in the Netherlands.

Objectives: Numerous studies show increased prevalence of MDR bacteria amongst asylum seekers, but data on the molecular profiles of such strains are limited. We aimed to evaluate the molecular profiles of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) strains isolated from asylum seekers and investigate their phylogenetic relatedness.

Author Correction: Critical steps in clinical shotgun metagenomics for the concomitant detection and typing of microbial pathogens.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Epidemiological Typing of Serratia marcescens Isolates by Whole-Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing.

is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen. It is notorious for its increasing antimicrobial resistance and its potential to cause outbreaks of colonization and infections, predominantly in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). There, its spread requires rapid infection control response.

Critical steps in clinical shotgun metagenomics for the concomitant detection and typing of microbial pathogens.

High throughput sequencing has been proposed as a one-stop solution for diagnostics and molecular typing directly from patient samples, allowing timely and appropriate implementation of measures for treatment, infection prevention and control. However, it is unclear how the variety of available methods impacts the end results. We applied shotgun metagenomics on diverse types of patient samples using three different methods to deplete human DNA prior to DNA extraction.

Sonication of heart valves detects more bacteria in infective endocarditis.

Optimal antimicrobial treatment of infective endocarditis requires identification and susceptibility patterns of pathogens. Sonication of explanted heart valves could increase the identification and culture of pathogens, as shown in prosthetic joint and pacemaker/ICD infections. We tested 26 explanted heart valves from 20 patients with active definite endocarditis for added diagnostic value of sonication to the standard microbiological workup in a prospective diagnostic proof of concept study.

An ancient family of mobile genomic islands introducing cephalosporinase and carbapenemase genes in Enterobacteriaceae.

The exchange of mobile genomic islands (MGIs) between microorganisms is often mediated by phages, which may provide benefits to the phage's host. The present study started with the identification of Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates with exceptional cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance phenotypes from patients in a neonatal ward. To identify possible molecular connections between these isolates and their β-lactam resistance phenotypes, the respective bacterial genome sequences were compared.

Reprint of "Application of next generation sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection prevention".

Current molecular diagnostics of human pathogens provide limited information that is often not sufficient for outbreak and transmission investigation. Next generation sequencing (NGS) determines the DNA sequence of a complete bacterial genome in a single sequence run, and from these data, information on resistance and virulence, as well as information for typing is obtained, useful for outbreak investigation. The obtained genome data can be further used for the development of an outbreak-specific screening test.

Application of next generation sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection prevention.

Current molecular diagnostics of human pathogens provide limited information that is often not sufficient for outbreak and transmission investigation. Next generation sequencing (NGS) determines the DNA sequence of a complete bacterial genome in a single sequence run, and from these data, information on resistance and virulence, as well as information for typing is obtained, useful for outbreak investigation. The obtained genome data can be further used for the development of an outbreak-specific screening test.

Maternal immunity against avian influenza H5N1 in chickens: limited protection and interference with vaccine efficacy.

After avian influenza (AI) vaccination, hens will produce progeny chickens with maternally derived AI-specific antibodies. In the present study we examined the effect of maternal immunity in young chickens on the protection against highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus infection and on the effectiveness of AI vaccination. The mean haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre in sera of 14-day-old progeny chickens was approximately eight-fold lower than the mean titre in sera of vaccinated hens.