Asthma development is associated with low mucosal IL-10 during viral infections in early life.

Background: Viral infection is a common trigger of severe respiratory illnesses in early life and a risk factor for later asthma development. The mechanism leading to asthma could involve an aberrant airway immune response to viral infections, but this has rarely been studied in a human setting.

Objectives: To investigate in situ virus-specific differences in upper airway immune mediator levels during viral episodes of respiratory illnesses and the association with later asthma.

Simultaneous Inference Using Multiple Marginal Models.

This tutorial describes single-step low-dimensional simultaneous inference with a focus on the availability of adjusted p values and compatible confidence intervals for more than just the usual mean value comparisons. The basic idea is, first, to use the influence of correlation on the quantile of the multivariate t-distribution: the higher the less conservative. In addition, second, the estimability of the correlation matrix using the multiple marginal models approach (mmm) using multiple models in the class of linear up to generalized linear mixed models.

Modelling pesticide degradation and leaching in conservation agriculture: Effect of no-till and mulching.

No-till and mulching are typical management operations in conservation agriculture (CA). To model pesticide degradation and leaching under a CA scenario, as compared to a conventional-tillage scenario (CT), the mulch module of the agro-hydrological model Daisy was extended. A Daisy soil column was parameterized with measurements of topsoil, mulch, and a realistic subsoil, and tested against published experimental data of pesticide fate in laboratory soil columns covered by mulch.

Translation and validation of the Hirschsprung and anorectal malformation quality of life (HAQL) questionnaire in a Danish Hirschsprung population.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) may result in an impaired quality of life (QoL) due to bowel problems, postoperative complications and other health-related issues. The Hirschsprung and Anorectal Malformation Quality of Life (HAQL) questionnaire is a disease-specific instrument developed in the Netherlands to measure the QoL in patients with HD and anorectal malformations. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate HAQL in a Danish Hirschsprung population.

Plant disease detection model for edge computing devices.

In this paper, we address the question of achieving high accuracy in deep learning models for agricultural applications through edge computing devices while considering the associated resource constraints. Traditional and state-of-the-art models have demonstrated good accuracy, but their practicality as end-user available solutions remains uncertain due to current resource limitations. One agricultural application for deep learning models is the detection and classification of plant diseases through image-based crop monitoring.

Limited clinical role of blood eosinophil levels in early life atopic disease: A mother-child cohort study.

Background: Blood eosinophil count is a well-established biomarker of atopic diseases in older children and adults. However, its predictive role for atopic diseases in preschool children is not well established.

Objective: To investigate the association between blood eosinophil count in children and development of atopic diseases up to age 6 years.

The prognostic value of coronary flow reserve in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease and microvascular dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis with focus on imaging modality and sex difference.

To clarify prognosis of patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) and coronary microvascular disease (CMD) assessed as low coronary flow reserve (CFR) according to imaging modalities and sex difference. Comprehensive systematic literature review and meta-analyses were conducted. Risk of death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were pooled and compared in patients with abnormally low versus normal CFR using cut-off limits 2.

Parasitoids of the cabbage seed weevil deliver high and consistent parasitism in variable landscapes: A showcase of conservation biocontrol.

Background: Insect pest resistance to insecticides and societal pressure to reduce pesticide load has increased oilseed rape (OSR) farmers' motivation to protect and exploit parasitoids for pest control. However, parasitoid presence and parasitism must be made visible to influence farmers' spraying decisions. Parasitism of cabbage seed weevil (CSW) (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)) reduces damage to OSR immediately, making them a good case for demonstrating conservation biocontrol to farmers.

Early versus late weight-bearing in operatively treated ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury: A systematic review.

Background: Over the past 30 years, several studies have compared early weight-bearing versus late weight-bearing following open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures; however, no review strictly including patients with ankle fractures and complete syndesmotic disruption has been performed.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to compare early versus late weight-bearing following surgery for ankle fracture with syndesmotic injury regarding clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was applied to the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PubMed databases from their inception to the 17th of January 2022.

Practical guidance to evaluate in vitro dermal absorption studies for pesticide registration: An industry perspective.

While there are some regulatory assessment criteria available on how to generally evaluate dermal absorption (DA) studies for risk assessment purposes, practical guidance and examples are lacking. The current manuscript highlights the challenges in interpretating data from in vitro assays and proposes holistic data-based assessment strategies from an industry perspective. Inflexible decision criteria may be inadequate for real data and may lead to irrelevant DA estimates.

Changes in the incidence and treatment of distal radius fractures in adults - a 22-year nationwide register study of 276,145 fractures.

Introduction: The incidence of distal radius fractures (DRFs) is reported, with conflicting results. To ensure evidence-based practice, the variation in treatment over time should be monitored. Treatment in the elderly population is particularly interesting because newer guidelines find little indication for surgery.

Risk Factors and Age-Related Patterns of Asthma-Like Symptoms in Early Childhood.

Background: Episodes of asthma-like symptoms in young children are common, but little is known about risk factors and their patterns for the daily symptom burden.

Objective: We investigated a variety of possible risk factors and their age-related impact on the number of asthma-like episodes during age 0 to 3 years.

Methods: The study population included 700 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood mother-child cohort followed prospectively from birth.

Translation and cultural adaption of the emergency department-consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (ED CAPHS)-A questionnaire to measure patient experience in Denmark.

Aim: The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt The Emergency Department-Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (ED CAPHS) to the Danish ED context.

Background: In Denmark, a large number of patients attend emergency departments (ED) every year. During their ED visits, examinations, tests and encounters with different healthcare professionals occur frequently.

Using R in Regulatory Toxicology.

Statistical analyses are an essential part of regulatory toxicological evaluations. While projects would be ideally monitored by both toxicologists and statisticians, this is often not possible in practice. Hence, toxicologists should be trained in some common statistical approaches but also need a tool for statistical evaluations.

Risk factors for nonunion following surgically managed, traumatic, diaphyseal fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There are several studies on nonunion, but there are no systematic overviews of the current evidence of risk factors for nonunion. The aim of this study was to systematically review risk factors for nonunion following surgically managed, traumatic, diaphyseal fractures.

Methods: Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched using a search string developed with aid from a scientific librarian.

Benchmark dose modelling in regulatory ecotoxicology, a potential tool in pest management.

For several authorities, benchmark dose (BMD) methodology has become the recommended approach by which to derive reference values for risk assessment. However, in practice, the BMD approach is not standard use in risk assessment for pesticides where the no observed adverse effect level, lowest observed adverse effect level and effective dose (ED or ED ) prevail. Regression-based BMD and the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) have several advantages, such as utilizing more information from the generated data and being less dependent on tested dose levels.

Using historical control data in bioassays for regulatory toxicology.

Historical control data (HCD) consist of pooled control group responses from bioassays. These data must be collected and are often used or reported in regulatory toxicology studies for multiple purposes: as quality assurance for the test system, to help identify toxicological effects and their effect-size relevance and to address the statistical multiple comparison problem. The current manuscript reviews the various classical and potential new approaches for using HCD.

A Nonmechanistic Parametric Modeling Approach for Benchmark Dose Estimation of Event-Time Data.

We propose benchmark dose estimation for event-time data, using a two-step approach. This approach avoids estimation of complex models and has been previously shown to give robust results for summarizing relevant parameters for risk assessment. In the first step, the probability of the event of interest to occur (in a certain time interval) is described as a function of time, resulting in an event-time model; such a model is fitted allowing an individual curve for each dose, and relevant estimates are extracted.

Expanding the toxicologist's statistical toolbox: Using effect size estimation and dose-response modelling for holistic assessments instead of generic testing.

It is tempting to base (eco-)toxicological assay evaluation solely on statistical significance tests. The approach is stringent, objective and facilitates binary decisions. However, tests according to null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) are thought experiments that rely heavily on assumptions.

Determinants of Bacille Calmette-Guérin scarification in Danish children.

Background: Studies in low-income countries have shown that among Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated children, those who develop a BCG-scar have significantly better survival than those who do not develop a scar. In a Danish multicenter randomized clinical trial we assessed determinants for developing a BCG-scar and for BCG scar size following neonatal BCG vaccination.

Methods: At three Danish hospitals, newborns were randomized 1:1 to BCG vaccination or no BCG vaccination.

: an R package for benchmark dose estimation.

The benchmark dose (BMD) methodology is used to derive a hazard characterization measure for risk assessment in toxicology or ecotoxicology. The present paper's objective is to introduce the extension package which facilitates the estimation of BMD and the benchmark dose lower limit for a wide range of dose-response models via the popular package . It allows using the most current statistical methods for BMD estimation, including model averaging.

Quantification of ICG fluorescence for the evaluation of intestinal perfusion: comparison between two software-based algorithms for quantification.

Background: Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG-FI) can be used to evaluate intestinal perfusion prior to anastomosis. Several software for the quantification of fluorescence have emerged, but these have not previously been compared. The aim of this study was to compare the results from quantitative ICG-FI analysis of relative perfusion in an experimental setting using two different software-based quantification algorithms (FLER and Q-ICG).