Exploring gender differences in the relations between passion, grit and flow.

The current study sought to explore the association between passion, grit and flow and study possible differences between the genders in a sample of 529 adults in Norway. There were 323 females and 204 males. Passion was measured with the passion scale, Grit with the Grit-S scale, and flow with the General Flow Proneness scale.

[Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in adults in Icelandic and international context].

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a common cause of swallowing difficulties in both children and adults. The incidence of EoE has been increasing over the past decades, which cannot be solely attributed to improved diagnostic techniques. EoE is more common in adults than in children.

Passion and grit in individuals with high levels of growth mindset are different than in individuals who have low growth mindset.

The main aim of the study was to investigate whether passion and grit varied in individuals with distinct levels of growth mindset. From an original sample of 1548 participants in the age 13 to 77 years, two groups with the 5 % highest scoring and the 5 % lowest scoring on growth mindset, respectively, were compared on their scores in passion and grit. Participants completed as a measure of Mindset the Theories of intelligence Scale (TIS).

I CAN Intervention to Increase Grit and Self-Efficacy: A Pilot Study.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in increasing motivational factors within the domain of psychology. Among these factors, Grit, Mindset, Self-Efficacy, and Well-Being (Flourishing) have been suggested to play an important role in individuals' performance and Well-Being. Thus, cultivating these factors in the general population is important.

Letter-sound knowledge in Icelandic children at the age 6 years-old.

The aim of this study was to examine letter-sound knowledge when children start at school in Iceland. 392 children aged 5-6 years completed assessments of letter-sound knowledge, i.e.

Well-Being and Perceived Competence in School Children from 1 to 9 Class.

Motivational aspects in reading, math, science and physical education are often studied on whole samples and not grouped into different classes. In our study we wish to investigate cross-sectional data across classes. Our research question wishes to investigate what class differences are there in school subject-based well-being and perceived competence? A total of 378 Icelandic pupils in classes 1-9 did answer a survey with nine items, focusing on how are you feeling at school, how do you like and how are you doing in reading, math, science and physical education.

Exploring the relationships between visuospatial working memory, math, letter-sound knowledge, motor competence, and gender in first grade children: A correlational study.

Introduction: Development of crucial skills accelerates at the start of formal schooling, although, more knowledge is needed about the relationships between such skills. The current study explored the relationships between visuospatial working memory, letter-sound knowledge, math competence and motor competence, as well as potential effects of gender.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 85 (42 girls) 6 to 7 years old first grade children, and was measured with a test battery consisting of tests designed for each skill domain.

Reading: From the Simple to the Complex.

The aim of this article was to present an important perspective on reading skill development. The perspective 'READ' builds on the phonics approach which has been found to be most important in relation to reading achievement i.e.

Motion, Relation, and Passion in Brain Physiological and Cognitive Aging.

The aim of the current paper was to present important factors for keeping the basic structures of a person's brain function, i.e., the grey and white matter, intact.

Effects of Free Play and Partly Structured Playground Activity on Motor Competence in Preschool Children: A Pragmatic Comparison Trial.

Both the indoor and the outdoor environments and their organization exert pronounced influence upon physical activity behavior and motor development of preschool children. The aim of this study was to explore whether partly structured activity or free play in a specific playground had different impacts on motor competence development in 4-6-year-old preschoolers. The study had a pretest-post-test design, with two intervention groups and one control.

Motivational Factors Are Varying across Age Groups and Gender.

The aim of the current study was to explore differences in passion for achievement, grit, and mindset across age and gender, by using a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 1548 participants including 931 females and 617 males aged from 13 to 77 years (Mage 26.53 years, SD = 11.

The association between academic achievement in physical education and timing of biological maturity in adolescents.

Individual differences in tempo and timing of biological maturity, especially in adolescents, has been argued as a potential underlying cause of relative age effects observed in Physical education (PE). Indeed, differences in maturation could influence pupils`achievement in PE where motor behavior and physical activity are central tenets. However, the timing of biological maturity has not previously been investigated in the context of academic achievement in PE.

Association Between Motor Competence, Physical Fitness, and Academic Achievement in Physical Education in 13- to 16-Year-Old School Children.

In physical education (PE), both assessment practices and choice of teaching content indicate that pupil-related factors such as motor competence and physical fitness potentially influence pupils' academic achievement in PE. However, neither of these factors are explicitly expressed as assessment criteria in the Norwegian PE-curriculum. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate potential differences in motor competence and physical fitness between pupils with different academic achievements in PE.

Exploration of the Specificity of Motor Skills Hypothesis in 7-8 Year Old Primary School Children: Exploring the Relationship Between 12 Different Motor Skills From Two Different Motor Competence Test Batteries.

This study examined the specificity hypothesis by examining the association between two specific motor competence test batteries [Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and Test of Motor Competence (TMC)] in a sample of young children. In addition, we explored the factorial structure of the MABC and TMC. A total of 80 children participated in the study (38 girls and 42 boys) with a mean chronological age of 7.

Effect of a Single Bout of Acute Aerobic Exercise at Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensities on Motor Learning, Retention and Transfer.

Acute exercise influences human cognition, and evidence suggests that learning can be improved. According to the cognitive-energetic approach towards exercise cognition, exercise represents a stressor that elevates physiological arousal, which, in turn, increases the availability of mental resources. However, the degree of arousal is hypothesized to have optimal and suboptimal states, and moderate intensity exercise is thus considered to be favorable compared to low intensity and vigorous exercise.

Comparing Free Play and Partly Structured Play in 4-5-Years-Old Children in an Outdoor Playground.

The aim of this study was to compare how the organization of a movement session as partly structured play or free play influenced the physical activity engagement in 4-5 years old pre-schoolers. The partly structured playgroup consisted of 46 children and the free playgroup consisted of 33 children. The playground activities consisted of 10 sessions each lasting 1 h, executed once per week in the period Mars to May 2017 at a specific playground setting.

Motor Competence in Adolescents: Exploring Association with Physical Fitness.

The purpose of this study was twofold: First, to examine the correlation between adolescents' performance on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children -2 (MABC-2) and the Test of Motor Competence (TMC), and second, to interpret the correlation between performance on physical fitness measures and motor competence. This study had a cross-sectional design, in which 101 adolescents age 15-16 years were recruited. The participants were assessed with the MABC-2 (eight tasks), the TMC (four tasks) and physical fitness measures (four tasks).

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Speed and Accuracy Task Components in Motor Learning.

Acute exercise has an influence on human cognition, and both theoretical approaches and previous investigations suggest that the learning process can be facilitated. A distinction has been made however, between the predominately positive effects on task speed compared to both the negative and null effects on aspects of task accuracy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise conducted before each practice trial (3 × week) for a period of four weeks, on speed and accuracy components in a novel keyboard typing task.

Psychometric Properties of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) in 15-16 Years Old Norwegian Adolescents.

A better understanding about prerequisites of health and well-being in adolescents is important to prevent chronicity and comorbidities of stress and to improve health promotion in this group. For this purpose, useful instruments are required. The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) is developed for research, with an emphasis on predictive validity.

Self-Efficacy, Flow, Affect, Worry and Performance in Elite World Cup Ski Jumping.

The present study investigated the relationship between self-efficacy, flow, positive- and negative affect, worry and ski jumping performance, as well as the degree of influence these psychological factors have on ski jumping performance in specific competitions and overall World Cup ranking. World Cup ski jumpers ( = 40) responded to four questionnaires in the middle of the World Cup season, reporting their subjective experience during a competitive setting over a period of three consecutive days. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Flow Theory was used as main conceptual frameworks.

What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning.

Knowledge about developmental theories is important for experts or specialists working with children following normal development and children who have various kinds of dysfunction, in order to better understand what happens with processes associated with motor behavior. In this article, we have explored how theories of development and learning can be used to understand processes associated with motor behavior. A probabilistic perspective emphasizes that the changes taking place in the development is a result of interaction: structural changes in the nervous system leading to changes in function and behavior and opposite, functional changes resulting in changes in structure.