Peripheral immune characteristics and subset disorder in reproductive females with endometriosis.

Pathogenesis of endometriosis (EN) is still unknown, but growing evidence suggests that immune regulation may be important, and the pattern of peripheral immune changes in reproductive women with EN has yet to be fully explored. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis of immune cell subsets within T cells, B cells, NK cells, and γδ T cells in peripheral blood (PB) samples from women with EN, women with uterine fibroids (UF) but without EN (UF-alone), and healthy controls using multi-parameter flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that UF, a common comorbidity of EN, exhibited similar peripheral immune features to EN, particularly in T cell and B cell immunity.

Integration of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing revealed immune heterogeneity and its association with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by cartilage, bone damage, synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, autoantibody production, and systemic features. To obtain an overall profile of the immune environment in RA patients and its association with clinical features, we performed single-cell transcriptome and T-cell receptor sequencing of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC) and synovial fluid (SF) from RA patients, integrated with two large cohorts with bulk RNA sequencing for further validation and investigation. Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibited relatively high functional heterogeneity and tissue specificity in relation to both antigen presentation and proinflammatory functions.

Immunological characteristics of CD103CD161 T lymphocytes on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper airway and sinus mucosa. T cell-mediated immune responses play irreplaceable roles in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. CD161 T cells have been implicated in the pathology of several diseases through cytokine production and cytotoxic activity.

Tissue-resident memory T cells exhibit phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous in human physiological and pathological nasal mucosa.

Pathogens commonly enter mucosal barrier tissues and tissue-resident memory T cells (T) are essential for preventing mucosal lesions. However, the immunological properties of T cells in nasal mucosa are poorly known. In comparison with control tissues, decreasing CD103 T cells were observed in Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP), which presented high capability to produce effector cytokines.

A senescence-based prognostic gene signature for colorectal cancer and identification of the role of SPP1-positive macrophages in tumor senescence.

Background: Senescence is significantly associated with cancer prognosis. This study aimed to construct a senescence-related prognostic model for colorectal cancer (CRC) and to investigate the influence of senescence on the tumor microenvironment.

Methods: Transcriptome and clinical data of CRC cases were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses revealed cell heterogeneity and immune environment alternations in metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.

Background: Tumor heterogeneity plays essential roles in developing cancer therapies, including therapies for breast cancer (BC). In addition, it is also very important to understand the relationships between tumor microenvironments and the systematic immune environment.

Methods: Here, we performed single-cell, VDJ sequencing and spatial transcriptome analyses on tumor and adjacent normal tissue as well as axillar lymph nodes (LNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 8 BC patients.

iNOS is essential to maintain a protective Th1/Th2 response and the production of cytokines/chemokines against Schistosoma japonicum infection in rats.

Humans and a wide range of mammals are generally susceptible to Schistosoma infection, while some rodents such as Rattus rats and Microtus spp are not. We previously demonstrated that inherent high expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), plays an important role in blocking the growth and development of Schistosoma japonicum in wild-type rats. However, the potential regulatory effects of NO on the immune system and immune response to S.

Innate Resistance to Infection in Rat Is Dependent on NOS2.

infection causes diverse clinical manifestations in humans. The disease outcome is complicated by the combination of many host and parasite factors. Inbred mouse strains vary in resistance to but are highly susceptible to infection.

Tissue-Resident Memory-Like CD8 T Cells Exhibit Heterogeneous Characteristics in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells are well known to play critical roles in peripheral tissues during virus infection and tumor immunology. Our previous studies indicated that CD69CD4 and CD69CD8 T cells in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) were antigen-specific memory T cells. However, the phenotypical and functional characteristics of CD8 T cells in tuberculosis remain unknown.

HNRNPD interacts with ZHX2 regulating the vasculogenic mimicry formation of glioma cells via linc00707/miR-651-3p/SP2 axis.

Studies have found that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are dysfunctional and play a significant regulatory role in the development of glioma. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the previous studies, we selected heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HNRNPD) as the research candidate and sought its downstream targeted genes. In the present study, HNRNPD, linc00707, and specific protein 2 (SP2) were highly expressed, while zinc fingers and homeboxes 2 (ZHX2) and miR-651-3p were remarkedly downregulated in glioma tissues and cells.

Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed the heterogeneity and microenvironment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the human gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on intra- and peri-tumor tissues from GIST patients with the aim of discovering the heterogeneity of tumor cells in GIST and their interactions with other cells. We found four predominating cell types in GIST tumor tissue, including T cells, macrophages, tumor cells, and NK cells.

Local IL-17 positive T cells are functionally associated with neutrophil infiltration and their development is regulated by mucosal microenvironment in nasal polyps.

Objective And Design: IL-17 plays essential roles in neutrophilic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract, however, the characteristics of local IL-17 T cells in nasal inflammatory mucosa are not fully understood. We investigated the roles of IL-17 T cells in regulating neutrophil infiltration and the effect of the mucosal microenvironment in modulating IL-17 T cell differentiation in CRSwNP tissues.

Subjects: 47 polyp tissues from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients without corticosteroid therapy and 26 tissues from healthy mucosa were obtained.

Poly-functional T helper cells in human tonsillar mononuclear cells.

Tonsils are important lymphoid organs in which B cells and T cells complete their maturation and identify cells that are infected by pathogens. However, the functions of T cells in human tonsils remain unclear, especially the characteristics of polyfunctional CD4 T helper cells. In this study, we used multi-color flow cytometry to analyze the expression or co-expression of effector cytokines in CD4 T cells from tonsillar tissues.

A Novel Mutation in a Compound Heterozygous Status in a Child With Omenn Syndrome.

Omenn syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe, combined immunodeficiency and autoimmune features. In this case study, we found Omenn syndrome in a 3-month-old boy with recurrent infection, erythroderma, axillary lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. The numbers of eosinophile granulocytes and the levels of immunoglobulin E in his blood were distinctly elevated.

MLN4924 Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect against Oxidative Stress via Sirt1 in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Oxidative stress is a leading contributor to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (SCIR) injury. Recently, MLN4924, a potent and selective inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme, was shown to exert a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress . However, it is unknown whether MLN4924 plays a protective role against SCIR injury.

Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Autophagic Neuronal Cell Death by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

Autophagy is upregulated in spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (SCIR) injury; however, its expression mechanism is largely unknown; moreover, whether autophagy plays a neuroprotective or neurodegenerative role in SCIR injury remains controversial. To explore these issues, we created an SCIR injury rat model via aortic arch occlusion. Compared with normal controls, autophagic cell death was upregulated in neurons after SCIR injury.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Protects against Spinal Cord Ischemia Reperfusion Injury-Induced Apoptosis by Blocking Autophagy.

The role of autophagy, neuroprotective mechanisms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and their relationship in spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury (SCIR) was assessed. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham, ischemia reperfusion (I/R), 10 mg/kg NAD, and 75 mg/kg NAD. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess autophagy and apoptosis.

The ligands of translocator protein inhibit human Th1 responses and the rejection of murine skin allografts.

The translocator protein (TSPO) ligands affected inflammatory and immune responses. However, the exact effects of TSPO ligands on Th1 responses in vitro and in vivo are still unclear. In the present study, we found that TSPO ligands, FGIN1-27 and Ro5-4864, suppressed the cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner by purified human CD4 T-cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after stimulation.

Characteristics of Schistosoma japonicum infection induced IFN-γ and IL-4 co-expressing plasticity Th cells.

Schistosoma japonicum infection can induce granulomatous inflammation and cause tissue damage in the mouse liver. The cytokine secretion profile of T helper (Th) cells depends on both the nature of the activating stimulus and the local microenvironment (e.g.

Memory-Like Antigen-Specific Human NK Cells from TB Pleural Fluids Produced IL-22 in Response to IL-15 or Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens.

Our previous result indicated that memory-like human natural killer (NK) cells from TB pleural fluid cells (PFCs) produced large amounts of IFN-γ in response to Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). Furthermore, recent studies have shown that human lymphoid tissues harbored a unique NK cell subset that specialized in production of interleukin (IL)-22, a proinflammatory cytokine that mediates host defense against pathogens. Yet little information was available with regard to the properties of IL-22 production by memory-like human NK cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific IL-21+IFN-γ+CD4+ T Cells Are Regulated by IL-12.

In the current study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific T and B cells, we found that MTB-specific peptides from early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) induced the expression of IL-21 predominantly in CD4(+) T cells. A fraction of IL-21-expressing CD4(+) T cells simultaneously expressed Th1 cytokines but did not secrete Th2 or Th17 cytokines, suggesting that MTB-specific IL-21-expressing CD4(+) T cells were different from Th1, Th2 and Th17 subpopulations. The majority of MTB-specific IL-21-expressing CD4(+) T cells co-expressed IFN-γ and IL-21+IFN-γ(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibited obviously polyfunctionality.

IL-12 induced the generation of IL-21- and IFN-γ-co-expressing poly-functional CD4+ T cells from human naive CD4+ T cells.

Interleukine-12 is critical for the differentiation of Th1 cells and can improve the development of Th1 cells with Tfh cell features in mouse model. Human effector CD4(+) T cells also exhibit poly-functionality by co-expressing IL-21 and IFN-γ. However, the effects of IL-12 on regulating generation of human IL-21- and IFN-γ-expressing CD4(+) T cells are still incompletely understood.

Antigen-specific human NKT cells from tuberculosis patients produce IL-21 to help B cells for the production of immunoglobulins.

Natural killer T (NKT) cells from mouse and human play an important role in the immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the function of CD3(+)TCRvβ11(+) NKT cells at the local site of M. tuberculosis infection remains poorly defined.

A novel common gamma chain mutation in a Chinese family with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID; T(-)NK(-)B(+)).

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is one of the most common causes of primary immunodeficiencies in humans. A 4-month-old boy with recurrent pulmonary infection had decreased numbers of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and NK cells and increased levels of CD19(+) B cells but no memory B cells or plasma cells. The production of cytokines by T cells and the activation of T and B cells were either absent or inefficient.