The effect of estrogen on brown adipose tissue activity in male rats.

Objective: Centrally administered estrogen can increase sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue, resulting in thermogenesis. The central thermogenic effects of estrogen have not been investigated in males. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of peripherally and centrally administered estrogen on thermogenesis, heart rate and mean arterial pressure in male rats.

Stimulatory, but not anxiogenic, doses of caffeine act centrally to activate interscapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in anesthetized male rats.

The role of central orexin in the sympathetic control of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenesis has been established in rodents. Stimulatory doses of caffeine activate orexin positive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, a region of the brain implicated in stimulating BAT thermogenesis. This study tests the hypothesis that central administration of caffeine is sufficient to activate BAT.

Innervation of supraclavicular adipose tissue: A human cadaveric study.

Functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) was identified in adult humans only in 2007 with the use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between obesity and BAT presence in humans. It is proposed that BAT possesses the capacity to increase metabolism and aid weight loss.

The capacity for oestrogen to influence obesity through brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pharmacological interventions to aid weight loss have historically targeted either appetite suppression or increased metabolic rate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the capacity to expend energy in a futile cycle, thus increasing basal metabolic rate. In animal models, oestrogen has been implicated in the regulation of body weight, and it is hypothesized that oestrogen is acting by modulating BAT metabolism.

Role of the local structure and the energy trap centers in the quenching of luminescence of the Tb3+ ions in fluoroborate glasses: a high pressure study.

The concentration and pressure dependent luminescence properties of the Tb(3+) ions in a lithium fluoroborate glasses have been studied by analyzing the deexcitation processes of the (5)D(4) level at ambient conditions as well as a function of pressure up to 35 GPa at room temperature. The luminescence spectra of Tb(3+) ions have been measured as a function of pressure and observed a continuous redshift as well as a progressive increase in the magnitude of the crystal-field splittings for the (5)D(4)-->(7)F(3,4,5) transitions. Monitoring the (5)D(4)-->(7)F(5) transition, the luminescence decay curves have been measured and analyzed in order to understand the dynamics of the deexcitation of the Tb(3+) ions in these glasses.

Luminescence properties of Sm(3+)-doped P(2)O(5)-PbO-Nb(2)O(5) glass under high pressure.

Samarium doped lead phosphate glass modified with niobium having a composition (in mol%) of 55P(2)O(5)+39.5PbO+5Nb(2)O(5)+0.5Sm(2)O(3) has been prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique.

Photoluminescence from the (5)D(0) level of Eu(3+) ions in a phosphate glass under pressure.

The pressure dependence of the luminescence from [Formula: see text] transitions of Eu(3+) ions in 58.5P(2)O(5)-9Al(2)O(3)-14.5BaO-17K(2)O-1Eu(2)O(3) glass has been investigated up to 38.