Children Requiring 3 or More Days of Invasive Ventilation: Secondary Analysis of Post-Discharge Change in Caregiver Employment.

Objectives: To describe frequency of, and risk factors, for change in caregiver employment among critically ill children with acute respiratory failure.

Design: Preplanned secondary analysis of prospective cohort dataset, 2018-2021.

Setting: Quaternary Children's Hospital PICU.

Physical Activity Monitoring in Children in the 1-Year After 3 or More Days of Invasive Ventilation: Feasibility of Using Accelerometers.

Objectives: To measure physical activity in a cohort of children who survived greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive ventilation.

Design: Prospective cohort study (2018-2021).

Setting: Quaternary children's hospital PICU.

Recovery Trajectories in Children Requiring 3 or More Days of Invasive Ventilation.

Objectives: To characterize health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional recovery trajectories and risk factors for prolonged impairments among critically ill children receiving greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive ventilation.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Quaternary children's hospital PICU.

Endothelial Glycocalyx Degradation Patterns in Sepsis-Associated Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Single Center Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Sepsis-associated destruction of the pulmonary microvascular endothelial glycocalyx (EGCX) creates a vulnerable endothelial surface, contributing to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Constituents of the EGCX shed into circulation, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, may serve as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. We sought to define the patterns of plasma EGCX degradation products in children with sepsis-associated pediatric ARDS (PARDS), and test their association with clinical outcomes.

Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: a review.

Metallic nanoparticles currently show multiple applications in the industrial, clinical and environmental fields due to their particular physicochemical characteristics. Conventional approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are based on physicochemical processes which, although they show advantages such as high productivity and good monodispersity of the nanoparticles obtained, have disadvantages such as the high energy cost of the process and the use of harmful radiation or toxic chemical reagents that can generate highly polluting residues. Given the current concern about the environment and the potential cytotoxic effects of AgNPs, once they are released into the environment, a new green chemistry approach to obtain these nanoparticles called biosynthesis has emerged.

Comparative efficacy of dalbavancin alone and with rifampicin against in vitro biofilms in a pharmacodynamic model with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: The anti-biofilm efficacy of dalbavancin (DAL) has been evaluated in static models. The comparative activity of DAL alone and with rifampicin (RIF) against biofilm-embedded methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was evaluated using an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model.

Methods: Two MRSA strains (HUB-4, HUB-5) were evaluated with the Calgary Device System and the dynamic CDC-Biofilm Reactor over 144 h.

Clinical usefulness of quantifying microbial load from diabetic foot ulcers: A multicenter cohort study.

Aims: To evaluate if microbial load from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) can help in predicting outcomes.

Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was performed in an outpatient setting (September 1, 2017-January 31, 2019) in diabetic patients with DFU.Quantitative cultures from DFU tissue biopsies at a baseline visit were obtained; high and low microbial loads were defined as ≥6logCFU/mL and <6logCFU/mL, respectively.

Genome-wide analysis of urogenital and respiratory multidrug-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae.

Objectives: To characterize the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of the polysaccharide capsule among urogenital and respiratory Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by microdilution. Fifty-five MDR strains were subjected to WGS and were phylogenetically compared with all the available H.

Emergence of multidrug resistance among Haemophilus parainfluenzae from respiratory and urogenital samples in Barcelona, Spain.

Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HPAR) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can become an opportunistic urogenital pathogen. Recently, multidrug resistant (MDR) strains have emerged. We aim to analyse the epidemiology of HPAR at Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge between 2013 and 2017 to determine its putative role in sexually transmitted infections (STI).

Assessment of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility testing methods for fastidious Haemophilus spp.

Objectives: To compare the determinants of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance with established susceptibility values for fastidious Haemophilus spp., to provide recommendations for optimal trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole measurement.

Methods: We collected 50 strains each of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae at Bellvitge University Hospital.

Nonparametric Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Isoniazid in Colombian Patients With Tuberculosis.

Background: Isoniazid (INH) is a first-line antituberculosis (TB) agent with a pharmacokinetic profile characterized by high interindividual variation; however, population pharmacokinetic studies in patients with TB are scarce. The aim was to develop a population model for INH in Colombian patients with TB suitable for predicting drug exposure and assessing the probability of target attainment of pharmacodynamic goals.

Methods: Ten hospitalized adult patients with TB undergoing INH treatment were recruited.

Identification of polysaccharide capsules among extensively drug-resistant genitourinary Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates.

The human commensal Haemophilus parainfluenzae is emerging as an opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen. The objectives of this work were to characterise a new capsular operon of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) H. parainfluenzae clinical isolates and study their resistance mechanisms using whole-genome sequencing.

Efficacy of ceftolozane/tazobactam, alone and in combination with colistin, against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro biofilm pharmacodynamic model.

Objectives: Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a potential tool for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), but its efficacy against some difficult-to-treat infections has not been well defined.

Methods: Using an in vitro pharmacodynamic biofilm model, this study evaluated the comparative efficacy of ceftolozane/tazobactam against MDR/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P.

Molecular analysis of endotracheal tube biofilms and tracheal aspirates in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a known complication of mechanically ventilated children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Endotracheal tube (ETT) biofilms are often implicated in the development of VAP by providing a conduit for pathogens to the lower respiratory tract.

Methods: A prospective cohort study from April 2010-March 2011 of children 4 weeks to 18 years of age ventilated for greater than 72 hours to determine the microbiota of ETT biofilms and tracheal aspirates.

Development and Prospective Validation of Tools to Accurately Identify Neurosurgical and Critical Care Events in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To develop and validate case definitions (computable phenotypes) to accurately identify neurosurgical and critical care events in children with traumatic brain injury.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study, May 2013 to September 2015.

Setting: Two large U.

Functional Status Scale in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: In children with traumatic brain injury, 1) to describe the hospital discharge functional outcome and change from baseline function using the Functional Status Scale and 2) to determine any associations between discharge Functional Status Scale and age, injury mechanism, neurologic examination, imaging, and other predictors of outcome.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study, May 2013 to November 2015.

Setting: Two U.

Ovarian cycle effects on immediate reward selection bias in humans: a role for estradiol.

A variety of evidence suggests that, among humans, the individual tendency to choose immediate rewards ("Now") over larger, delayed rewards ("Later"), or Now bias, varies with frontal dopamine (DA) levels. As cyclic elevations in estradiol (E+) modulate other frontal DA-dependent behaviors, we tested ovarian cycle effects on Now bias, and whether any such effects are E+ mediated. To do so, we quantified Now/Later choice behavior in naturally cycling adult females (n = 87; ages 18-40 years) during both the menstrual phase (MP; cycle day 1-2; low E+), and the follicular phase (FP; cycle day 11-12; high E+).

Laminin-332 coordinates mechanotransduction and growth cone bifurcation in sensory neurons.

Laminin-332 is a major component of the dermo-epidermal skin basement membrane and maintains skin integrity. The transduction of mechanical force into electrical signals by sensory endings in the skin requires mechanosensitive channels. We found that mouse epidermal keratinocytes produce a matrix that is inhibitory for sensory mechanotransduction and that the active molecular component is laminin-332.

Choledocholithiasis in the Setting of Portal Hypertension.

The successful management of biliary lithiasis in patients with cirrhosis depends on the degree of liver dysfunction. Patients with Child-Pugh class A or B hepatic reserve have excellent prognoses. Endoscopic spincterotomy is first-choice treatment for cirrhotic patients with choledocholithiasis.

[Gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (malignant leiomyoblastoma). Report of a case and review of the world literature].

The authors report a case of gastric epithelial leiomyoma. (Leiomyoblastoma). Macroscopically, such tumors resemble leiomyoma, with a biological behavior between leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.

[Solitary rectal polyp and endoscopic polypectomy in a pediatric population: 3 years' experience].

During defecation, rectal polyps represent one most frequent causes of bleeding in infancy. The advent of endoscopic polypectomy has resulted very useful in their treatment. From January 1987 to March 1990, 113 children with rectal bleeding were evaluated; 22 of them had solitary rectal polyp, between 5 to 15 cm from anal margin at rectoscopy.