The other side of the coin: systemic effects of Serendipita indica root colonization on development of sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Upon systemic S. indica colonization in split-root system cyst and root-knot nematodes benefit from endophyte-triggered carbon allocation and altered defense responses what significantly facilitates their development in A. thaliana.

Efficiency of inorganic fungicides against the formation of Erysiphe necator chasmothecia in vineyards.

Background: A reduction in chasmothecia, an important inoculum of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Schwein.), is essential for disease control in vineyards; the use of fungicides during the formation of chasmothecia on vine leaves, late in the growing season, may accomplish this. Inorganic fungicides, such as sulphur, copper, and potassium bicarbonate, are very useful for this purpose because of their multisite mode of action.

Improvement in the sensitivity of viroid detection by adapting the reverse transcription step in one-step RT-qPCR assays.

Over the course of developing and applying a new real-time PCR assay for the detection of the newly described apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid (ACFSVd), slight modifications of the reverse transcription (RT) step were found to improve significantly the detection limit of the assay. To prove this hypothesis, three different one-step RT-qPCR kits for the detection of three plant viroids and three plant viruses were compared. The results showed both extension of the RT reaction time from 10 or 15 min-30 min or the increase in reaction temperature from 49 to 52 °C for the cDNA synthesis step results in a 10 times higher sensitivity for potato spindle tuber viroid and apple scar skin viroid one-step RT-qPCR assay and 45 higher sensitivity for ACFSVd one-step RT-qPCR assay.

Serendipita indica changes host sugar and defense status in Arabidopsis thaliana: cooperation or exploitation?

Manipulation of sugar metabolism upon S. indica root colonization triggers changes in sugar pools and defense responses in A. thaliana.

Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Importance of Exudates on Sclerotial Development in .

is a ubiquitous necrotrophic pathogenic fungus causing significant losses in a broad range of plant species. Sclerotia formed by play important roles in both the fungal life cycle and the disease development cycle. Sclerotial exudation during sclerotial development is a characteristic feature of this fungus.

The Fungal Endophyte Does Not Affect Phosphorus Status but Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tomato Plants.

Some members of the root endophytic Serendipitaceae were observed to frequently coexist with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but their interactions and potential synergistic effects in plants have not yet been well elucidated. Here, we inoculated three-week-old tomato seedlings with or alone or in combination with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and cultivated the plants in a greenhouse until the late vegetative stage. Our data show that the simultaneous presence of spp.

Correction to: Transmission studies of the newly described apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid using a combined RT-qPCR and droplet digital PCR approach.

Authors would like to update the given name and family name of authors which were incorrect in the original version.

Transmission studies of the newly described apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid using a combined RT-qPCR and droplet digital PCR approach.

The transmission of the apscaviroid tentatively named apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid (ACFSVd) was investigated using a one-step reverse-transcription (RT) droplet digital PCR assay for absolute quantification of the viroid, followed by quantification of relative standard curves by RT-qPCR. Our results indicate that ACFSVd is effectively transmitted by grafting, budding and seeds. No transmission has yet been observed to the viroid-inoculated pome fruit species Pyrus sp.

Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum destructivum causing anthracnose on sunflower.

Sunflower is one of the most economically important oil crops. Recently, sunflower anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum destructivum was reported and suggested to be a potential threat to the quality of oil and edible seeds derived from sunflower in the field and even on the ornamentals in the residential gardens. Colletotrichum destructivum, as the causal agent of sunflower anthracnose, has been rarely studied.

Species Trigger Cultivar-Specific Responses to Wilt in Tomato.

The endophytic fungi and have recently gained increasing attention due to their beneficial effects on plant growth and plant health. Little is known about other species, such as and . To test their biocontrol and growth-promoting potential, susceptible and tolerant tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively) were inoculated with , or and challenged with the soilborne pathogen f.

Apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid: a putative new pathogenic viroid on apple characterized by next-generation sequencing.

Viroid-like symptoms were observed in 2016 on apple fruits of the cultivar "Ilzer Rose" in southern Burgenland, Austria. Preliminary molecular biological investigations indicated that the symptoms were caused by a new unknown viroid. Therefore, new primers were designed, and the whole genome sequence of the viroid (354 nt) was determined by next-generation amplicon sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform (San Diego, California, USA).

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their response to pesticides.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with the majority of plant species and can provide multiple benefits to the host plant. In agro-ecosystems, the abundance and community structure of AMF are affected by agricultural management practices. This review describes and discusses current knowledge on the effects of inorganic and organic chemical pesticides on AMF in the conflicting area between agricultural use and environmental concerns.

Deficiency of the melanin biosynthesis genes SCD1 and THR1 affects sclerotial development and vegetative growth, but not pathogenicity, in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen causing significant damage on a broad range of crops. This fungus produces sclerotia that serve as the long-term survival structures in the life cycle and the primary inoculum in the disease cycle. Melanin plays an important role in protecting mycelia and sclerotia from ultraviolet radiation and other adverse environmental conditions.

Compost and biochar alter mycorrhization, tomato root exudation, and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

Soil amendments like compost and biochar are known to affect soil properties, plant growth as well as soil borne plant pathogens. Complex interactions based on microbial activity and abiotic characteristics are supposed to be responsible for suppressive properties of certain substrates, however, the specific mechanisms of action are still widely unknown. In the present study, the main focus was on the development of the soil borne pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.

The intercropping partner affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici interactions in tomato.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their bioprotective aspects are of great interest in the context of sustainable agriculture. Combining the benefits of AMF with the utilisation of plant species diversity shows great promise for the management of plant diseases in environmentally compatible agriculture. In the present study, AMF were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f.

A comparison of wild-type, old and modern tomato cultivars in the interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

The effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) varies in plant cultivars. In the present study, we tested whether wild-type, old and modern tomato cultivars differ in the parameters of the AM interaction. Moreover, the bioprotective effect of AM against the soilborne tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.

The Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 systemically suppresses arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization in a split-root system of barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) form a nodule symbiosis with legumes, but also induce certain effects on non-host plants. Here, we used a split-root system of barley to examine whether inoculation with Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 on one side of a split-root system systemically affects arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization on the other side.

Root colonization by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases sesquiterpenic acid concentrations in Valeriana officinalis L.

In some medicinal plants a specific plant-fungus association, known as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, increases the levels of secondary plant metabolites and/or plant growth. In this study, the effects of three different AM treatments on biomass and sesquiterpenic acid concentrations in two IN VITRO propagated genotypes of valerian ( VALERIANA OFFICINALIS L., Valerianaceae) were investigated.

Flavonoids and strigolactones in root exudates as signals in symbiotic and pathogenic plant-fungus interactions.

Secondary plant compounds are important signals in several symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions. The present review is limited to two groups of secondary plant compounds, flavonoids and strigolactones, which have been reported in root exudates. Data on flavonoids as signaling compounds are available from several symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions, whereas only recently initial data on the role of strigolactones as plant signals in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis have been reported.

Abscisic acid determines arbuscule development and functionality in the tomato arbuscular mycorrhiza.

The role of abscisic acid (ABA) during the establishment of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was studied using ABA sitiens tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) mutants with reduced ABA concentrations. Sitiens plants and wild-type (WT) plants were colonized by Glomus intraradices. Trypan blue and alkaline phosphatase histochemical staining procedures were used to determine both root colonization and fungal efficiency.

Oxygen consumption-based evaluation of fungal activity.

A novel oxygen-based microplate assay for studying fungal activity is described. Fungal activity results in a change of oxygen concentration in CVC-96 plates and thus produces a signal that enables continuous monitoring of fungal activity. In this study the oxygen consumption was different for three tested fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f.

Influence of tillage onFusarium spp. in Different Crop Rotation Systems.

In the present study the influence of different conventional and reduced tillage systems onFusarium spp. and the production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in winter wheat and maize in different crop rotation systems was investigated. Field trials were conducted in semihumid areas in Lower and Upper Austria and in the pannonian area in Eastern Austria.