The Dsc ubiquitin ligase complex identifies transmembrane degrons to degrade orphaned proteins at the Golgi.

The Golgi apparatus is essential for protein sorting, yet its quality control mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that the Dsc ubiquitin ligase complex uses its rhomboid pseudo-protease subunit, Dsc2, to assess the hydrophobic length of α-helical transmembrane domains (TMDs) at the Golgi. Thereby the Dsc complex likely interacts with orphaned ER and Golgi proteins that have shorter TMDs and ubiquitinates them for targeted degradation.

Sex Workers' Everyday Security in the Netherlands and the Impact of COVID-19.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare and exacerbates the existing insecurities of sex workers. This paper asks: What are sex workers' everyday experiences of (in)security? And: How has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced these?

Methods: We engage with these questions through collaborative research based on semi-structured interviews carried out in 2019 and 2020 with sex workers in The Hague, the Netherlands.

Results: Revealing a stark mismatch between the insecurities that sex workers' experience and the concerns enshrined in regulation, our analysis shows that sex workers' everyday insecurities involve diverse concerns regarding their occupational safety and health, highlighting that work insecurity is more multi-faceted than sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

These two are different. Yes, they're the same: Choice blindness for facial identity.

We examined the manipulability of face identity judgements by combining a sorting task for unfamiliar faces with a standard test of choice blindness. In Experiment 1, 50 participants completed a sorting task and then justified grouping specific pairs of photos together or apart. On manipulated trials, the presented pairings were different from those the participants had actually produced.

Measurement of tumour size with mammography, sonography and magnetic resonance imaging as compared to histological tumour size in primary breast cancer.

Background: Tumour size in breast cancer influences therapeutic decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sizing of primary breast cancer using mammography, sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thereby establish which imaging method most accurately corresponds with the size of the histological result.

Methods: Data from 121 patients with primary breast cancer were analysed in a retrospective study.

Current Status and New Developments in Breast MRI.

SUMMARY: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive imaging modality for the detection of breast cancer. Its specificity is equivalent to that of mammography. Nowadays, breast MRI is an absolutely essential breast imaging method.

Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, intraindividual crossover comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine for Breast MR imaging (DETECT Trial).

Purpose: To intraindividually compare 0.1 mmol/kg doses of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine for contrast material-enhanced breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by using a prospective, multicenter double-blind, randomized protocol.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval and patient informed consent were obtained.

[Are breast biopsies adequately funded? A process cost & revenue analysis].

Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine whether the various breast biopsy procedures specified in the S 3 guidelines are sensibly represented within the current German health system as considered from a cost evaluation perspective.

Materials And Methods: This prospectively designed multicenter study analyzed 221 breast biopsies at 7 institutions from 04/2006 to 01/2007. Core needle biopsies, vacuum-assisted biopsies and surgical open biopsies under sonographic or mammographic guidance were evaluated.

[Sonographic criteria for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions using real-time spatial compound imaging in combination with XRES adaptive image processing].

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze sonographic criteria for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions using real-time spatial compound imaging (CT) in combination with adaptive image processing (XRES).

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 460 patients, the sonographic criteria: shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern and posterior acoustic features were determined using CT and XRES. All investigations were performed using a 12 MHz linear transducer.

In vitro assessment of artifacts from commercially available markers for image-guided preoperative marking of bone and soft tissue lesions.

Purpose: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging artifacts from several commercially available MR imaging-compatible and non-MR imaging-compatible markers for image-guided marking of soft tissue lesions at different field strengths and sequences.

Materials And Methods: Ten different marking devices (anchor, coil, V, and X shapes) were injected into solid agar and imaged at two different field strengths (1.5 T, 3.

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of minimally invasive pelvic floor reconstruction with polypropylene implant.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to assess the usefulness of dynamic MRI in patients with pelvic organ prolapse after pelvic floor repair with polypropylene mesh.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients (mean age 66.5 years) who were scheduled for either anterior (n=9) or posterior (n=6) pelvic floor repair were prospectively evaluated by clinical assessment and dynamic MRI 1 day before and 3 months after surgery.

Low-cost phantoms for training of stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of the breast.

To test low-cost phantoms for training in stereotactic breast biopsy, we prepared eggplant with calcium powder; gelatin and turkey breast with coarse salt, peppercorns, and calcium powder, respectively; and short-bread pastry with salt. Three to 12 cores were harvested with an 11-gauge vacuum biopsy unit. Mammography images were taken before and after biopsy and from the biopsy cores.

[MR imaging of the breast before and after neoadjuvant treatment - enhancement characteristics and T 2 signal intensity of breast cancers and breast parenchyma].

Purpose: Analysis of enhancement characteristics and T 2 signal intensity (SI) of breast cancers and normal breast parenchyma on MR imaging (MRI) before and after neoadjuvant treatment (NT) to improve the assessment of therapy response.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data analysis of 43 consecutive patients (mean age 49.9 years) with invasive breast cancers (T2 /T3) who received NT.

Diagnostic value of MR elastography in addition to contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast-initial clinical results.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the additional value of magnetic resonance (MR) elastography (MRE) to contrast-enhanced (ce) MR imaging (MRI) for breast lesion characterisation.

Methods: Fifty-seven suspected breast lesions in 57 patients (mean age 52.4 years) were examined by ce MRI and MRE.

[Diagnostic value of a breast MRI score for the prediction of malignancy of breast lesions detected solely with MRI].

Purpose: To determine whether lesion scoring allows valid BI-RADS ((R)) classification and prediction of malignancy of breast lesions detectable solely with MRI.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 86 patients who underwent MRI-guided localization and excisional biopsy of 100 breast lesions detectable only with MRI. Breast MRI was performed at 1.

Selective microdochectomy after ductoscopic wire marking in women with pathological nipple discharge.

Background: To investigate the diagnostic reliability of selective microdochectomy after direct ductoscopic wire marking of suspect lesions in patients with pathological nipple discharge.

Methods: Selective microdochectomy due to pathological discharge was performed in 33 patients with mean age of 51.7 years.

Mammotome versus ATEC: a comparison of two breast vacuum biopsy techniques under sonographic guidance.

Purpose: The study evaluates the differences between the Mammotome (MT) and ATEC (A) vacuum biopsy (VB) of the breast in terms of diagnostic reliability, biopsy duration and complications.

Methods: In a prospective randomized study, 62 ultrasound-guided VBs of the breast were performed. MT and A were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.

[Diagnostic imaging during pregnancy].

If diagnostic imaging during pregnancy is performed, potential risks not only for the mother but also for the fetus have to be considered. Ultrasonography should be performed primarily because it is harmless for the fetus. Other imaging modalities like x-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be reserved for cases in which results of ultrasonography are inconclusive and patient care depends on further imaging.

Risk-benefit analysis of preoperative breast MRI in patients with primary breast cancer.

Aim: To analyse and compare the risks and benefits of preoperative breast MRI (BMRI) in patients with primary breast cancer (PBC), and to determine the influence of mammographic breast density (BD) and histological tumour type (TT).

Materials And Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients who underwent preoperative bilateral breast MRI for staging of PBC during a 1-year period from July 2005 to August 2006 were prospectively evaluated. Changes in clinical management due to BMRI findings were recorded.

[Performance of a newly developed clip (Tumark Professional) for MRI-guided lesion localization after MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy--first results].

Purpose: Evaluation of a newly developed Clip (Tumark Professional) for MRI-guided lesion localization after MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) with regard to the exactness of positioning, migration, and visibility on mammography (MG), ultrasound (US) and MR imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: 27 consecutive patients with 29 suspicious breast lesions detected with MRI were prospectively evaluated. The location of the lesion was determined with Tumark (Somatex, Teltow, Germany) after MRI-guided VAB.

Management of late recurrence of a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS): treatment with letrozole.

Low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) is a rare disease. LGESS usually expresses steroidal receptors and is regarded to be hormone-sensitive. Due to the rarity of the tumor, only few case series have been published so far.

MR elastography of breast lesions: understanding the solid/liquid duality can improve the specificity of contrast-enhanced MR mammography.

The purpose of this analysis is to explore the potential diagnostic gain provided by the viscoelastic shear properties of breast lesions for the improvement of the specificity of contrast enhanced dynamic MR mammography (MRM). The assessment of viscoelastic properties is done via dynamic MR elastography (MRE) and it is demonstrated that the complex shear modulus of in vivo breast tissue follows within the frequency range of clinical MRE a power law behavior. Taking benefit of this frequency behavior, data are interpreted in the framework of the exact model for wave propagation satisfying the causality principle.

Leiomyoma in the Retzius space: a rare cause for voiding difficulties.

A 54-year-old woman with voiding difficulties was referred to our department. She complained about a slow urine stream, hesitancy, straining when voiding and the feeling of incomplete emptying. The gynaecological examination revealed a 4x3 cm pelvic tumour.

Complete extirpation of benign breast lesions with an ultrasound-guided vacuum biopsy system.

Objectives: To investigate whether ultrasound-guided vacuum biopsy (VB) with curative intent is suitable for the complete extirpation of selected sonographically detectable benign lesions of the breast, and to establish the limitations of the method with regard to lesion size and complications, the extent of scar formation and the prognostic value.

Methods: One hundred and nine patients underwent hand-held, ultrasound-guided VB (8G or 11G needle) between June 2000 and September 2003. Of these, 45 (41%) women underwent ultrasound-guided extirpation of 46 lesions, and 42 women with 43 lesions were followed up clinically and sonographically for an average of 5.